This report surveys the scientific literature for all process monitoring techniques and identifies four types of measurements that show the most promise for on-line, real-time process monitoring. These are ultrasonics, dielectrics, optics, and spectroscopic methods. The four types are reviewed in depth and compared with each other in the areass of measurement speed, sampling volume, sensitivity to different resins, effects of fiber type, resistance to the manufacturing environment, interpretation of the data, adaptability for other uses, and temperature capabilties. In addition, brief reviews are provided on temperature and pressure sensors, and process modeling, since the future for on-line process control relies on developments in these areas as well. Industrial needs and opportunities, off-line measurement techniques, and major industrial and governmental programs on process control are commented upon.

Reports NIST research and development in the physical and engineering sciences in which the Institute is active. These include physics, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and computer sciences. Emphasis on measurement methodology and the basic technology underlying standardization.

Polymer composites are increasingly used in aerospace applications due to properties such as strength and durability compared to weight. Edited by two leading authorities in the field, this book summarises key recent research on design, manufacture and performance of composite components for aerospace structures. Part one reviews the design and manufacture of different types of composite component. Part two discusses aspects of performance such as stiffness, strength, fatigue, impact and blast behaviour, response to temperature and humidity as well as non-destructive testing and monitoring techniques.