The Elements of Figurative Languageexplores figurative language and its central place in human life. The focus is on four figures or tropes: metaphor, analogy, synecdoche, and irony. The opening chapter discusses these tropes in general and, in the following chapters, the book provides extensive study of these tropes relative to five key categories in human life: race, class, gender, the environment, and war. Readers are provided with analyses of the ways in which tropes work in particular texts, as well as the opportunity to engage in both analysis and composition of trope-laden discourse. For those interested in improving their critical thinking, reading and writing

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,7, University of Hannover (Englisches Seminar), language: English, abstract: The paper deals with different types of figurative language and the question of why and how these should be taught in second language teaching. In order to prove that figurative language is essential in communication and therefore needs to receive more attention in schools, I start by analysing and comparing the concepts of metaphors, idioms and proverbs. Many scholars have discussed metaphors and so as to outline the most important aspects, I refer to Lakoff, Johnson, Ortony and Langlotz amongst others. Those aspects will include the differences between novel and conventional metaphors, the different functions that metaphors fulfil and the phenomenon of mixed metaphors. When discussing idioms I focus on their relationship to metaphorical language, the aspect of frozenness and their functions as well as other topics. Here, scholars like Swinney, Skandara and Götz are quoted and their propositions towards idiomatic language are analysed. To end the first part of the paper I discuss the relationship of proverbs to metaphors and idioms and base this part on Norrick in order to focus on didactic content and the issue of distinguishing between a proverb's literal and figurative meaning. After having given the survey of those concepts, I turn to the part of explaining why it is so important to teach figurative language and I do that by drawing on Ortony's theses of compactness, inexpressibility and vividness. Furthermore, Katz's theory of metaphor as politeness is examined and also Liu's view on idioms as containing cultural references. To end this theoretical paper with an idea of how to use the information practically, the last section deals with the question of how figurative language is best taught. The methods presented are based on a preceding part of background information on h

Language Disorders from Infancy Through Adolescence, 4th Edition is the go-to text for all the information you need to properly assess childhood language disorders and provide appropriate treatment. This core resource spans the entire developmental period through adolescence, and uses a descriptive-developmental approach to present basic concepts and vocabulary, an overview of key issues and controversies, the scope of communicative difficulties that make up child language disorders, and information on how language pathologists approach the assessment and intervention processes. This new edition also features significant updates in research, trends, instruction best practices, and social skills assessment. Comprehensive text covers the entire developmental period through adolescence. Clinical application focus featuring case studies, clinical vignettes, and suggested projects helps you apply concepts to professional practice. Straightforward, conversational writing style makes this book easy to read and understand. More than 230 tables and boxes summarize important information such as dialogue examples, sample assessment plans, assessment and intervention principles, activities, and sample transcripts. UNIQUE! Practice exercises with sample transcripts allow you to apply different methods of analysis. UNIQUE! Helpful study guides at the end of each chapter help you review and apply what you have learned. Versatile text is perfect for a variety of language disorder courses, and serves as a great reference tool for professional practitioners. Highly regarded lead author Rhea Paul lends her expertise in diagnosing and managing pediatric language disorders. Communication development milestones are printed on the inside front cover for quick access. Chapter objectives summarize what you can expect to learn in each chapter. Updated content features the latest research, theories, trends and techniques in the field. Information on autism incorporated throughout the text Best practices in preliteracy and literacy instruction The role of the speech-language pathologist on school literacy teams and in response to intervention New reference sources Student/Professional Resources on Evolve include an image bank, video clips, and references linked to PubMed.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,7, University of Hannover (Englisches Seminar), language: English, abstract: The paper deals with different types of figurative language and the question of why and how these should be taught in second language teaching. In order to prove that figurative language is essential in communication and therefore needs to receive more attention in schools, I start by analysing and comparing the concepts of metaphors, idioms and proverbs. Many scholars have discussed metaphors and so as to outline the most important aspects, I refer to Lakoff, Johnson, Ortony and Langlotz amongst others. Those aspects will include the differences between novel and conventional metaphors, the different functions that metaphors fulfil and the phenomenon of mixed metaphors. When discussing idioms I focus on their relationship to metaphorical language, the aspect of frozenness and their functions as well as other topics. Here, scholars like Swinney, Skandara and Götz are quoted and their propositions towards idiomatic language are analysed. To end the first part of the paper I discuss the relationship of proverbs to metaphors and idioms and base this part on Norrick in order to focus on didactic content and the issue of distinguishing between a proverb's literal and figurative meaning. After having given the survey of those concepts, I turn to the part of explaining why it is so important to teach figurative language and I do that by drawing on Ortony's theses of compactness, inexpressibility and vividness. Furthermore, Katz's theory of metaphor as politeness is examined and also Liu's view on idioms as containing cultural references. To end this theoretical paper with an idea of how to use the information practically, the last section deals with the question of how figurative language is best taught. The methods presented are based on a preceding part of background information on how the comprehension process of figurative language works and what the prerequisites are for being able to learn that part of a foreign language. This last part of the paper is mainly based on Ortony, Gentner, Liu and Ur. Eventually, I conclude the paper by summing up the findings and evaluating their relevance for teaching figurative language in second language learning in schools.

This book investigates the origins of figurative language in literary discourse within a cognitive framework. It represents an interface between linguistics and literature and develops a 6-tier theoretical model which analyses the different factors contributing to the creation of figurative words and expressions. By examining features ranging from language structure to figurative thought, cultural history, reference, narrative and the personal experience of authors, it develops a global overview of the processes involved. Due to its particularly innovative characteristics in literature, the theme of death is explored in relation to universal concepts such as love and time. These aspects are discussed in the light of well-known authors in comparative literature such as D.H. Lawrence, Simone De Beauvoir, Hermann Hesse and Jorge Luis Borges. The origins can involve complex conceptual mappings in figures of speech such as metaphor and symbolism. They are often at the roots of an author’s personal desires or represent the search for answers to human existence. This approach offers a wide variety of new ideas and research possibilities for postgraduate and research students in modern languages, linguistics and literature. It would also be of interest to academic researchers in these disciplines as well as the general public who would like to delve deeper into the relevant fields.

The death of high school basketball star Rob Washington in an automobile accident affects the lives of his close friend Andy, who was driving the car, and many others in the school.