Emerging technologies and global nonhuman rights movements pose a stress test for the corpus of international human rights law (IHRL). On the one hand, technologies are being implemented quicker than policymakers can adopt regulations protecting humans from their potentially harmful effects. On the other hand, nonhuman rights movements are redefining who (or what) is entitled to moral and legal recognition. Are rights as we currently conceive of them up to the challenge of fostering a just society in light of these developments? The deployment of autonomous systems has primarily animated concerns about their impacts on civil and political rights like those pertaining to assembly, free speech, and privacy. Reports about artificial intelligence (AI) being used to identify protestors and chill freedom of expression serve as cases in point. But novel technologies also hold implications for second, third, and fourth generation human rights as well. For instance, news headlines about likely widespread job losses due to automation suggest an infringement upon the right to work and may require substantial investments in education for those affected by market forces. Perhaps more controversially, the advent of autonomous systems has generated discussions about whether or not rights should be extended to technological entities. The increasing presence of robots in classrooms, homes, and medical facilities will generate new social situations and conflicts that may be resolved through the proactive application of rights to a different class of subject. This conversation has occurred against a backdrop of parallel initiatives promoting the rights of other nonhumans, namely animals and nature. How might these developments influence the question of rights for AI? This chapter offers a refreshed look at these two sides of the rights coin with respect to autonomous systems. First, we review the philosophical foundations of rights. Second, we present methodological and critical insights regarding extant literature before using a two-step framework to systematically highlight less obvious ways in which emerging technologies like AI intersect with IHRL. Third, we explore the opportunities and challenges of extending rights to technological beings. We conclude with a call to enlarge the ontological scope of rights on theoretical and practical levels, and offer recommendations designed to assist in the governance of autonomous systems with an eye toward protecting the rights of human and nonhuman entities alike.

This book explores how international organizations have addressed the actual and potential human rights issues caused by AI technologies. Combining in-depth theoretical and doctrinal analysis with a pragmatic approach, it investigates vital questions on where accountability and responsibility for AI-related violations of human rights should lie. Expert contributors examine the evolution, strengths, weaknesses and loopholes of international guidelines and standard-setting initiatives for AI by the United Nations, Council of Europe and European Union. Chapters focus on key situations in which the use of AI raises human rights concerns, including AI-supported decision-making in healthcare, public administration and cases of asylum; the use of facial recognition software; and the creation of deepfakes. Ultimately, the book highlights the need to establish effective oversight systems and adaptable remedies to protect human rights as AI continues to develop. Demonstrating the significant implications of AI technology in all areas of human life, this book is a vital resource for academics and students of international human rights law and European law. It is also an important read for policymakers and professionals interested in data security and the utilization of AI-powered solutions.

This book focuses on the legal regulation, mainly from an international law perspective, of autonomous artificial intelligence systems, of their creations, as well as of the interaction of human and artificial intelligence. It examines critical questions regarding both the ontology of autonomous AI systems and the legal implications: what constitutes an autonomous AI system and what are its unique characteristics? How do they interact with humans? What would be the implications of combined artificial and human intelligence? It also explores potentially the most important questions: what are the implications of these developments for collective security –from both a state-centered and a human perspective, as well as for legal systems? Why is international law better positioned to make such determinations and to create a universal framework for this new type of legal personality? How can the matrix of obligations and rights of this new legal personality be construed and what would be the repercussions for the international community? In order to address these questions, the book discusses cognitive aspects embedded in the framework of law, offering insights based on both de lege lata and de lege ferenda perspectives.

The speed of technological development, from cell phones to artificial intelligence, opens up exciting new opportunities for promoting human flourishing. It also raises grave risks, threatening not only personal privacy and dignity but also our collective survival. Technologies of Human Rights Representation brings together three fields of research critical to securing our future: changing technologies, human rights, and representation. For each of these fields, this book asks key questions: How can we open the black box of technological advances so that we can more fully understand their effects upon our lives? What can we do to make sure that these effects align with the values of human rights? And how does the way we talk about technology and rights—from military reports and corporate marketing to human rights reports and poetry—amplify or diminish our capacity both to understand and to control what happens next? Contributors from anthropology, communications, criminology, global studies, law, literary and cultural studies, and women and gender studies bring diverse methodological approaches to these crucial questions.

This short, accessible book seeks to explore the future of work through the views and opinions of a range of expertise, encompassing economic, historical, technological, ethical and anthropological aspects of the debate. The transition to an automated society brings with it new challenges and a consideration for what has happened in the past; the editors of this book carefully steer the reader through future possibilities and policy outcomes, all the while recognising that whilst such a shift to a robotised society will be a gradual process, it is one that requires significant thought and consideration.

Artificial Intelligence may be the disruptive tech to influence our lives, but in the end, it has its own species to grow, so let us not take it as something we use and leave.Ê DESCRIPTION The book enters with its first chapter providing a simple and legal backdrop of the idea behind AI Ethics and International Law, its references and some important analogies and conceptual ideas. Also, the first chapter introduces some problems and questions regarding AI for contemplation in the field of jurisprudence. The second chapter vividly focuses on the deeper aspect of Artificial Intelligence, and goes to the principled developments of pure international law, with special analysis of the conceptions of sovereignty, self_determination and human rights. The chapter explores the catchy world of design and technology and covers with the diversity of issues revolving Artificial Intelligence Ethics. The third chapter gets specific with International Law and paves on ways towards the idea of the Privacy Doctrine conceived by the author. The chapter also explores the conceptual propositions in the field of Artificial Intelligence and International Law and renders about the scope of culture as a part of the social ecosystem to affect artificial intelligence. The chapter also lays the origination of the idea of an AI as an Entity, with special examples. The fourth chapter is centric towards human rights, making the debate beyond the legal literature and pragmatizing about the corporate idea of innovation and customer experience in various tech companies and institutions. The final chapter digs deeper into the principles and realms of cosmopolitanism and globalization, giving ways to discover and embark upon the role of human empathy and understanding to solve the issues that disruptive technology renders in its canvas.Ê KEY FEATURES _ The book gives a lucid introduction to the idea of AI Ethics and its geopolitical implications.Ê _ The book is insightful for an academic understanding of AI Ethics in the concept of Legal Personality meant for every person, including professionals in the field of Law, Social Sciences and Technology Studies.Ê _ The book provides a special understanding and renders curiosity for readers to establish newer ideas and understand Artificial Intelligence from a socio_cultural scenario.Ê _ The book gives a cogent aspect of the relationship between Artificial Intelligence and International Law.Ê _ The book presents about an innovative and dimensional idea of Privacy with respect to AI in Legal Theory.Ê WHAT WILL YOU LEARN The reader will learn about artificial intelligence in the eyes of a social animal, beyond the technical aspect of it. It enables the reader to challenge the conventional understanding of artificial intelligence and gives a motivation to understand the deep connect that AI is capable to create with humans in its social, economic and cultural scenarios rendered. It also poses a sense of curiosity and humility for people to understand the legal and social role of disrupting tech whether they are in a developed country or a developing one.Ê WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR This book is based for students, academicians, educationists, professionals and policy researchers in the field of law, social sciences, management and technology to understand and get a special insight of artificial intelligence for mankind. It is also a good read for a layman audience to get into the idea of artificial intelligence ethics for their understanding and awareness.Ê Table of ContentsÊ 1. Introduction to Artificial intelligence and International law 2. The Basic Relationship: The Pragmatism 3. Legal visibility: DOCTRINE and Concept for AI 4. Beyond the Human Rights Discourse: A New Vision 5. Student Devices

This book provides an in-depth overview of what is currently happening in the field of Law and Artificial Intelligence (AI). From deep fakes and disinformation to killer robots, surgical robots, and AI lawmaking, the many and varied contributors to this volume discuss how AI could and should be regulated in the areas of public law, including constitutional law, human rights law, criminal law, and tax law, as well as areas of private law, including liability law, competition law, and consumer law. Aimed at an audience without a background in technology, this book covers how AI changes these areas of law as well as legal practice itself. This scholarship should prove of value to academics in several disciplines (e.g., law, ethics, sociology, politics, and public administration) and those who may find themselves confronted with AI in the course of their work, particularly people working within the legal domain (e.g., lawyers, judges, law enforcement officers, public prosecutors, lawmakers, and policy advisors). Bart Custers is Professor of Law and Data Science at eLaw - Center for Law and Digital Technologies at Leiden University in the Netherlands. Eduard Fosch-Villaronga is Assistant Professor at eLaw - Center for Law and Digital Technologies at Leiden University in the Netherlands.