During the six months before December of 1776, Commanding General, George Washington had retreated from nine consecutive battles with the British in New Jersey and had lost ninety percent of his army. Brigadier General, Arthur St. Clair answered the call with fresh troops, took over the leadership of a brigade and suggested the strategies of stealth which enabled Washington's army to win the next three battles over the British in just nine days after Christmas in 1776. This drove the British out of New Jersey and avoided what could have been the end of the American Revolution. St. Clair walked with the giants of the American Revolution...Washington, Franklin, Adams, Jefferson, Greene, Lafayette and others. And yet, for more than two centuries, history has been reluctant to mention that St. Clair... * Became one of Washington's most trusted of only 30 major generals. * Built four armies for Washington * Was the military strategist who helped Washington defeat the British in 1776-77. * Was President when the U.S. Constitution and the Northwest Ordinance were drafted. * Was America's first and last foreign-born President. St. Clair also ... * Stopped the Virginia governor from annexing what is now Pittsburgh (1774) * Protected Pennsylvania settlers from Indian attacks incited by the British (1764-69). * Assisted Governor Penn with development of Bedford and Westmoreland Counties (1764-74). * Renounced his allegiance to Great Britain to become a Colonel in the Continental Army (1774). * Established judicial system for six states of the Northwest Territory.

Situating Governor Arthur St. Clair as the central figure of and focusing on his administration of the Northwest Territory present an accurate and cogent account of America's first experiment in colonialism. The frontier was not static, but amorphous; it changed over time and brought new challenges to the territorial government. St. Clair is the instrument through which to understand this change. His military and civil careers are the story of the frontier. Throughout his life, St. Clair wanted to be the "father of a country." But in the end, he was rejected by his "subjects" and as a result later historians overlooked his contributions to western expansion. Examining St. Clair's governorship shows the process by which the region that became the state of Ohio in 1803 was transformed from a colony populated by natives to a state inhabited predominately by white agriculturalists who were connected to the world markets via the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. St. Clair, working under the direction of the federal government, was the architect of this change. He implemented the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, which served as the blueprint for expansion in the approximately 250,000 square mile region that became the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. While in office he presided over the settlement of the region, negotiated Indian treaties, campaigned against the Ohio Indians, opened diplomatic relations with colonial representatives from Great Britain and Spain, determined the locations of county boundaries and county seats, implemented a government based upon the provisions of the Northwest Ordinance, created a judiciary, and put laws into operation through the territorial legislature. The governor managed the territory during the formative years of U.S. expansion and set precedents for future generations. St. Clair's ultimate downfall occurred when he opposed the movement to create the state of Ohio and instead sought to redefine the territory's boundaries to prevent the eastern section from meeting the criteria necessary to call a constitutional convention. In 1802, President Thomas Jefferson removed the governor from office because of his actions at the Ohio constitutional convention, when he had called the Enabling Act a nullity and questioned Congress's authority to legislate for the territory without consulting the territorial government. The comments were thought by many to border on treason. His departure symbolized the success of the Revolution of 1800-- the ascendancy of a new generation of political figures who dominated the nation's affairs and determined the fate of the West. Defending the provisions of the Northwest Ordinance, St. Clair was the embodiment of the Federalist vision of expansion, a conservative political philosophy that was out of favor with many of the residents and politicians in Washington.

From the Foreword: This volume provides short biographical sketches of the commanding generals and chiefs of staff who have led the United States Army. Their rise through the levels of leadership to the pinnacle of their profession reveals both striking parallels and equally fascinating contrasts. While their responsibilities have evolved over the years, the essential elements of leadership remain unchanged. The format of this volume combines biographical information along with the officially designated portraits of the commanding generals and chiefs of staff. It also includes brief accounts of the artists selected to paint the official portraits. As an aspect of the Army art program, these portraits add an interesting and revealing dimension to the biographer's words. This volume not only celebrates the legacy of dedication and patriotism left by these leaders, but also enhances our understanding of military leadership at the highest levels. All those interested in the profession of arms should become familiar with those who have led our Army.

With more than 60 essays, A Companion to American MilitaryHistory presents a comprehensive analysis of the historiographyof United States military history from the colonial era to thepresent. Covers the entire spectrum of US history from the Indian andimperial conflicts of the seventeenth century to the battles inAfghanistan and Iraq Features an unprecedented breadth of coverage from eminentmilitary historians and emerging scholars, including little studiedtopics such as the military and music, military ethics, care of thedead, and sports Surveys and evaluates the best scholarship on every importantera and topic Summarizes current debates and identifies areas whereconflicting interpretations are in need of further study

Why do the United States and Canada have such divergent political cultures when they share one of the closest economic and cultural relationships in the world? Canadians and Americans consistently disagree over issues such as the separation of church and state, the responsibility of government for the welfare of everyone, the relationship between federal and subnational government, and the right to marry a same-sex partner or to own an assault rifle. In this wide-ranging work, Jason Kaufman examines the North American political landscape to draw out the essential historical factors that underlie the countries’ differences. He discusses the earliest European colonies in North America and the Canadian reluctance to join the American Revolution. He compares land grants and colonial governance; territorial expansion and relations with native peoples; immigration and voting rights. But the key lies in the evolution and enforcement of jurisdictional law, which illuminates the way social relations and state power developed in the two countries. Written in an accessible and engaging style, this book will appeal to readers of sociology, politics, law, and history as well as to anyone interested in the relationship between the United States and Canada.