Developed in 1989, the software Form*Z has become an important digital tool for architects when exploring three dimensional objects, in particular when designing spaces which have complex shapes and multiple curved surfaces, which do not adher to Cartesian geometry and cannot be depicted by traditional CAD programs. This book outlines the development, qualities and the future potential of this ingenious program, and the genuine contribution it has made to architectural design is illustrated by projects from Roto Architects, Skidmore Owings & Merrill, Siegel Diamond Architecture, Stanley Saitowitz Office, Form 4 amongst others. Pierluigi Serraino, born in 1965, studied architecture in Rome and Los Angeles. Since 1997 he has lived in San Francisco.

Software architecture is a primary factor in the creation and evolution of virtually all products involving software. It is a topic of major interest in the research community where pronusmg formalisms, processes, and technologies are under development. Architecture is also of major interest in industry because it is recognized as a significant leverage point for manipulating such basic development factors as cost, quality, and interval. Its importance is attested to by the fact that there are several international workshop series as well as major conference sessions devoted to it. The First Working IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSAl) provided a focused and dedicated forum for the international software architecture community to unify and coordinate its effort to advance the state of practice and research. WICSA 1 was organized to facilitate information exchange between practising software architects and software architecture researchers. The conference was held in San Antonio, Texas, USA, from February 22nd to February 24th, 1999; it was the initiating event for the new IFIP TC-2 Working Group on Software Architecture. This proceedings document contains the papers accepted for the conference. The papers in this volume comprise both experience reports and technical papers. The proceedings reflect the structure of the conference and are divided into six sections corresponding to the working groups established for the conference.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First European Workshop on Software Architecture, EWSA 2004, held in St Andrews, Scotland, UK in May 2004 in conjunction with ICSE 2004. The 9 revised full research papers, 4 revised full experience papers, and 6 revised position papers presented together with 5 invited presentations on ongoing European projects on software architectures were carefully reviewed and selected from 48 submissions. All current aspects of software architectures are addressed ranging from foundational and methodological issues to application issues of practical relevance.

A widely read and authoritative book for hardware and software designers. This innovative book exposes the characteristics of performance-optimal single- and multi-level cache hierarchies by approaching the cache design process through the novel perspective of minimizing execution time.

Next-generation distributed applications and systems are increasingly developed using middleware. This dependency poses hard R&D challenges, including - tency hiding, masking partial failure, information assurance and security, legacy integration, dynamic service partitioning and load balancing, and end-to-end quality of service speci?cation and enforcement. To address these challenges, researchers and practitioners must discover and validate techniques, patterns, and optimizations for middleware frameworks, multi-level distributed resource management, and adaptive and re?ective middleware architectures. Following the success of the past IFIP/ACM Middleware conferences (Lake District/UK, Palisades/USA, and Heidelberg/Germany) and building upon the success of past USENIX COOTS conferences, the Middleware 2003 conference is the premier international event for middleware research and technology. The scope of the conference is the design, implementation, deployment, and eval- tion of distributed system platforms, architectures, and applications for future computing and communication environments. This year, we had a record of 158 submissions, among which the top 25 - pers were selected for inclusion in the technical program of the conference. All papers were evaluated by at least three reviewers with respect to their origin- ity,technicalmerit,presentationquality,andrelevancetotheconferencethemes. The selected papers present the latest results and breakthroughs on middleware research in areas including peer-to-peer computing, publish-subscriber archit- tures, component- and Web-based middleware, mobile systems, and adaptive computing.