Not all industrial disputes are about claims for better conditions than those to which the workers may already be entitled. A large proportion are so-called "grievance disputes", over difficulties in the application of labour legislation, collective agreements or individual contracts of employment. Disputes over the application of collective agreements can often be most easily settled if labour and management agree to submit them to arbitration by an independent, impartial outsider. The present guide, which is a companion volume to Conciliation in industrial disputes published by the ILO in 19.