This book presents an investigation of the anomalous and topological Hall effects in some itinerant ferromagnets and helimagnets by measurements of Hall effects driven by electrical or heat current. New clarifications are provided for spin-dependent Hall effects induced by the Berry phase, skew scattering, and scalar spin chirality. The author reveals the scattering-free nature of the Berry-phase-induced anomalous Hall current by conducting the first comparative study of electrical and thermal Hall effects. The impurity-element dependence of the anomalous Hall effect caused by skew scattering is systematically investigated in the low-resistivity region for Fe. Two new examples showing a topological Hall effect are found in helimagnets, in which nonzero scalar spin chirality arises from the modulation of spin structure through Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya (DM) interaction. Such a DM-interaction-mediated topological Hall effect is a new type of topological Hall effect. Also the temperature dependence of topological Hall terms in the thermal Hall effect and Nernst–Ettingshausen effect is found to be totally different from that in the electrical Hall effect. These results will be useful for applications of spin current to devices with low power consumption.

Magnetic skyrmions are particle-like objects described by localized solutions of non-linear partial differential equations. Up until a few decades ago, it was believed that magnetic skyrmions only existed in condensed matter as short-term excitations that would quickly collapse into linear singularities. The contrary was proven theoretically in 1989 and evidentially in 2009. It is now known that skyrmions can exist as long-living metastable configurations in low-symmetry condensed matter systems with broken mirror symmetry, increasing the potential applications possible. Magnetic Skyrmions and their Applications delves into the fundamental principles and most recent research and developments surrounding these unique magnetic particles. Despite achievements in the synthesis of systems stabilizing chiral magnetic skyrmions and the variety of experimental investigations and numerical calculations, there have not been many summaries of the fundamental physical principles governing magnetic skyrmions or integrating those concepts with methods of detection, characterization and potential applications. Magnetic Skyrmions and their Applications delivers a coherent, state-of-the-art discussion on the current knowledge and potential applications of magnetic skyrmions in magnetic materials and device applications. First the book reviews key concepts such as topology, magnetism and materials for magnetic skyrmions. Then, charactization methods, physical mechanisms, and emerging applications are discussed. - Covers background knowledge and details the basic principles of magnetic skyrmions, including materials, characterization, statics and dynamics - Reviews materials for skyrmion stabilization including bulk materials and interface-dominated multilayer materials - Describes both well-known and unconventional applications of magnetic skyrmions, such as memristors and reservoir computing

The book provides an accessible introduction to the principles of condensed matter physics with a focus on the nanosciences and device technologies. The basics of electronic, phononic, photonic, superconducting, optics, quantum optics, and magnetic properties are explored, and nanoscience and device materials are incorporated throughout the chapters. Many examples of the fundamental principles of condensed matter physics are taken directly from nanoscience and device applications. This book requires a background in electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, and statistical mechanics at the undergraduate level. It will be a valuable reference for advanced undergraduates and graduate students of physics, engineering, and applied mathematics. Features Contains discussions of the basic principles of quantum optics and its importance to lasers, quantum information, and quantum computation. Provides references and a further reading list to additional scientific literature so that readers can use the book as a starting point to then follow up with a more advanced treatment of the topics covered. Requires only a basic background in undergraduate electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, and statistical mechanics.

In a new branch of physics and technology, called spin-electronics or spintronics, the flow of electrical charge (usual current) as well as the flow of electron spin, the so-called "spin current", are manipulated and controlled together. This book is intended to provide an introduction and guide to the new physics and applications of spin current.

This book invites you on a tour through the most relevant topics of solid-state chemistry. It provides an up-to-date overview about fascinating structures of inorganic matter and new research developments. The reader will also gain crucial insights into many aspects of material science, from ceramics to superconductors. One chapter is specifically dedicated to the most rapidly evolving field of material science: metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The book contains a chapter which is often neglected in others due to its complexity, the intermetallic phases. A concise but very didactic introduction to crystallographic specifications ensures that the reader will gain a deeper understanding of the crystal structures presented in the book. The book places special emphasis on the graphical illustrations which were specifically designed to promote real insights into the structural features. Instead of having to decipher hard to distinguish graphics the reader has an eye-opening experience. A further added value is that many references to the original research publications are given which enables easy follow-up for more detailed study.

Semiconductors are at the heart of modern living. Almost everything we do, be it work, travel, communication, or entertainment, all depend on some feature of semiconductor technology. Comprehensive Semiconductor Science and Technology, Six Volume Set captures the breadth of this important field, and presents it in a single source to the large audience who study, make, and exploit semiconductors. Previous attempts at this achievement have been abbreviated, and have omitted important topics. Written and Edited by a truly international team of experts, this work delivers an objective yet cohesive global review of the semiconductor world. The work is divided into three sections. The first section is concerned with the fundamental physics of semiconductors, showing how the electronic features and the lattice dynamics change drastically when systems vary from bulk to a low-dimensional structure and further to a nanometer size. Throughout this section there is an emphasis on the full understanding of the underlying physics. The second section deals largely with the transformation of the conceptual framework of solid state physics into devices and systems which require the growth of extremely high purity, nearly defect-free bulk and epitaxial materials. The last section is devoted to exploitation of the knowledge described in the previous sections to highlight the spectrum of devices we see all around us. Provides a comprehensive global picture of the semiconductor world Each of the work's three sections presents a complete description of one aspect of the whole Written and Edited by a truly international team of experts