This book considers the evidence for actual contacts between Egypt and other early African cultures, and how influential, or not, Egypt was on them.

The race of the Ancient Egyptians has long been a subject of controversy and debate. Ancient Egyptians have constantly been shown to be everything but black African, even though Egypt is in Africa and black people originate from Africa. Some have dared to

The discipline of Egyptology has been criticised for being too insular,with little awareness of the development of archaeologies elsewhere. It has remained theoretically underdeveloped. For example the role of Ancient Egypt within Africa has rarely been considered jointly by Egyptologists and Africanists. Egypt's own view of itself has been neglected; views of it in the ancient past, in more recent times and today have remained underexposed. Encounters with Ancient Egyptis a series of eight books which addresses these issues. The books interrelate, inform and illuminate one another and will appeal to a wide market including academics, students and the general public interested in Archaeology, Egyptology, Anthropology, Architecture, Design and History. Geographically, Egypt is clearly on the African continent, yet Ancient Egypt is routinely regarded as a non-African cultural form. The significance of Ancient Egypt for the rest of Africa is a hotly debated issue with complex ramifications. This book considers how Ancient Egypt was dislocated from Africa, drawing on a wide range of sources. It examines key issues such as the evidence for actual contacts between Egypt and other early African cultures, and how influential, or not, Egypt was on them. Some scholars argue that to its north Egypt's influence on Mediterranean civilization was downplayed by western scholarship. Further afield, on the African continent perceptions of Ancient Egypt were coloured by biblical sources, emphasizing the persecution of the Israelites. An extensive selection of fresh insights are provided, several focusing on cultural interactions between Egypt and Nubia from 1000 BCE to 500 CE, developing a nuanced picture of these interactions and describing the limitations of an 'Egyptological' approach to them.

"Ancient Nubia ... will introduce you to the peoples and culture of the ancient land of Nubia. A civilization sometimes threatened by, but more often competitive with, its more powerful northern neighbor, Egypt. Ancient Nubia had an identitiy and a diversity of tradition that is extraordinary to investigate."--Cover.

The ancient Egyptians originated in East Africa. Evidence for this can be found in the ancient religious texts of the Egyptians which describe the people and places in the Afterlife. These places coincide with real people and places in East Africa. These real people of East Africa, the Nubians, were considered, in some contexts, demi-gods by the Egyptians. The ancient Egyptian Afterlife Paradise was called the Tuat. It was imagined to be a place of lakes and mountains like East Africa. The Egyptians knew these places because they originated in this region and called it Place of the First Time. The book concludes with some wonderful pictures that make it believable that the ancient Egyptians originated from East Africa.Without Nubia there would have been no dynastic Egypt!The origins of the ancient Egypt we all know and love lie in the predynastic cultures of southern Egypt. This culture created the world's first city known as Hierakonpolis around 3800 BC. The Egyptians called it Nekhen. In this city was found evidence of the first temple, the first pottery factory, the first brewery, the first image of the Falcon Horus. Hierakonpolis was part of the Naqada predynastic culture of southern Egypt which began around 4000 BC. It was located around 100 miles from Aswan in present-day Nubia. Few people, however, are aware of the technical accomplishments and cultural impulses that came to Hierakonpolis from Lower and Upper Nubia. It made possible the economic and military expansion that created the Egyptian civilization of dynastic times. Without Nubia there would have been no Hierakonpolis! Witness the Nubian origins of predynastic Egyptian civilization in these pages.

Bongo sheds important new light on the most fascinating epoch in human history: Ancient Egypt. In this heavily researched work, he traces the evolution of civilization not to the Middle East, as most scholars do, but rather the South American tribes whose cultures had greatly influenced what would become the Land of the Pharaohs.