Analogy in Grammar
Title | Analogy in Grammar PDF eBook |
Author | James P. Blevins |
Publisher | Oxford University Press on Demand |
Pages | 293 |
Release | 2009-07-30 |
Genre | Computers |
ISBN | 0199547548 |
In this book, leading researchers in morphology, syntax, language acquisition, psycholinguistics, and computational linguistics address central questions about the form and acquisition of analogy in grammar. What kinds of patterns do speakers select as the basis for analogical extension? What types of items are particularly susceptible or resistant to analogical pressures? At what levels do analogical processes operate and how do processes interact? What formal mechanisms areappropriate for modelling analogy? The novel synthesis of typological, theoretical, computational, and developmental paradigms in this volume brings us closer to answering these questions than ever before.
Analogical classification in formal grammar
Title | Analogical classification in formal grammar PDF eBook |
Author | Matías Guzmán Naranjo |
Publisher | Language Science Press |
Pages | 256 |
Release | 2019 |
Genre | Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | 3961101868 |
The organization of the lexicon, and especially the relations between groups of lexemes is a strongly debated topic in linguistics. Some authors have insisted on the lack of any structure of the lexicon. In this vein, Di Sciullo & Williams (1987: 3) claim that “[t]he lexicon is like a prison – it contains only the lawless, and the only thing that its inmates have in commonis lawlessness”. In the alternative view, the lexicon is assumed to have a rich structure that captures all regularities and partial regularities that exist between lexical entries.Two very different schools of linguistics have insisted on the organization of the lexicon. On the one hand, for theories like HPSG (Pollard & Sag 1994), but also some versions of construction grammar (Fillmore & Kay 1995), the lexicon is assumed to have a very rich structure which captures common grammatical properties between its members. In this approach, a type hierarchy organizes the lexicon according to common properties between items. For example, Koenig (1999: 4, among others), working from an HPSG perspective, claims that the lexicon “provides a unified model for partial regularties, medium-size generalizations, and truly productive processes”. On the other hand, from the perspective of usage-based linguistics, several authors have drawn attention to the fact that lexemes which share morphological or syntactic properties, tend to be organized in clusters of surface (phonological or semantic) similarity (Bybee & Slobin 1982; Skousen 1989; Eddington 1996). This approach, often called analogical, has developed highly accurate computational and non-computational models that can predict the classes to which lexemes belong. Like the organization of lexemes in type hierarchies, analogical relations between items help speakers to make sense of intricate systems, and reduce apparent complexity (Köpcke & Zubin 1984). Despite this core commonality, and despite the fact that most linguists seem to agree that analogy plays an important role in language, there has been remarkably little work on bringing together these two approaches. Formal grammar traditions have been very successful in capturing grammatical behaviour, but, in the process, have downplayed the role analogy plays in linguistics (Anderson 2015). In this work, I aim to change this state of affairs. First, by providing an explicit formalization of how analogy interacts with grammar, and second, by showing that analogical effects and relations closely mirror the structures in the lexicon. I will show that both formal grammar approaches, and usage-based analogical models, capture mutually compatible relations in the lexicon.
Analogy
Title | Analogy PDF eBook |
Author | Iwona Kraska |
Publisher | |
Pages | 234 |
Release | 2007 |
Genre | Analogy (Linguistics) |
ISBN |
This book examines the mechanism of analogy in the context of language use and from the perspective of the Optimality Theoretic formal model. It is argued that both kinds of analogy, paradigmatic leveling and proportional (pattern) analogy, strongly correlate with type and token frequency and are also dependant on semantic distance between the base and its correspondent. The argument is supported by a detailed case study of vocalic alternations in Polish using synchronic and diachronic evidence. The second part of this work concentrates on factors other than frequency which may cause or prevent analogical developments. Illustrative linguistic material comes from a variety of languages including Polish, Swahili, Arabic and English. The study stresses the active role of lexicon in shaping language grammar. Due to the dynamic character of lexicon-grammar interaction, analogical changes are not only interpretable, but to some extent predictable from historical and synchronic facts. The data discussed in the book provide also evidence that an abstract concept of language grammar does not directly emerge from usage statistics, but is only motivated by it and mediated through the process of phonologization.
Analogy in Word-formation
Title | Analogy in Word-formation PDF eBook |
Author | Elisa Mattiello |
Publisher | Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |
Pages | 244 |
Release | 2017-05-22 |
Genre | Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | 3110549735 |
This book fills a gap in lexical morphology, especially with reference to analogy in English word-formation. Many studies have focused their interest on the role played by analogy within English inflectional morphology. However, the analogical mechanism also deserves investigation on account of its relevance to neology in English. This volume provides in-depth qualitative analyses and stimulating quantitative findings in this realm.
The Changing English Language
Title | The Changing English Language PDF eBook |
Author | Marianne Hundt |
Publisher | Cambridge University Press |
Pages | 431 |
Release | 2017-07-20 |
Genre | Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | 1107086868 |
Experts from psycholinguistics and English historical linguistics address core factors in language change.
501 Word Analogy Questions
Title | 501 Word Analogy Questions PDF eBook |
Author | Learning Express LLC |
Publisher | Learning Express (NY) |
Pages | 0 |
Release | 2002 |
Genre | Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | 9781576854228 |
Helps students become familiar with the question format on standardized tests and learn how to apply logic and reasoning skills to word knowledge. Focuses on exact word definitions and secondary word meanings, relationships between words and how to draw logical conclusions about possible answer choices. Identifies analogies, cause/effect, part/whole, type/category, synonyms, and antonyms.
Analogy and Morphological Change
Title | Analogy and Morphological Change PDF eBook |
Author | David L Fertig |
Publisher | Edinburgh University Press |
Pages | 197 |
Release | 2013-07-30 |
Genre | Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | 0748684220 |
How learners and speakers make sense of their language and make their language make sense. This book is designed to help readers make sense of morphological change and, more generally, of the concept of analogy and its role in language and in human cognit