Introduction; Institutions, policy and research; Research and policy on irrigation: the case of Pakistan; Discussion: linking research with policy; Conclusion.

Study description; Warabandi in theory; Changes in the warabandi environment; warabandi in practice; Discussion: The myth and reality of warabandi.

This study, Indus basin of Pakistan: the impacts of climate risks on water and agriculture was undertaken at a pivotal time in the region. The weak summer monsoon in 2009 created drought conditions throughout the country. This followed an already tenuous situation for many rural households faced with high fuel and fertilizer costs and the impacts of rising global food prices. Then catastrophic monsoon flooding in 2010 affected over 20 million people, devastating their housing, infrastructure, and crops. Damages from this single flood event were estimated at US dollar 10 billion, half of which were losses in the agriculture sector. Notwithstanding the debate as to whether these observed extremes are evidence of climate change, an investigation is needed regarding the extent to which the country is resilient to these shocks. It is thus timely, if not critical, to focus on climate risks for water, agriculture, and food security in the Indus basin of Pakistan.

Describes a streamlined approach to calculating water and salinity balances in three different irrigated areas of Pakistan where salinity is a major problem. Explores the impact of current irrigation and agronomic practices on salinity and suggests corrective measures.

"This study examines irrigation development and agrarian change in the lower Indus basin during the past 150 years. Sindh, one of the constituent provinces of Pakistan, is located in the lower Indus river basin. The British captured Sindh in 1843 from local Mirs (rulers) and governed it for the next hundred years. Its annexation to the Bombay Presidency of British India triggered a process of irrigation infrastructure and institutional development that has continued after it became a constituent province of Islamic Republic of Pakistan in 1947. The main argument of this study is that during the last 150 years, agrarian changes in Sindh have been triggered by irrigation infrastructure development, initiated and supported by the state. It further argues that although large-scale irrigation facilities have expanded the irrigated land area and improved agricultural production during this period, the relations of production in agriculture have continued without much change"--P. 27-28.