This new edition, published on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding by Melville Herskovits of the Program of African Studies at Northwestern University, brings back into print one of the classics in scholarly analysis and translation, written by one of the cultural anthropology. When this book was first published in 1958, Melville luminaries of American Herskovits, with his wife and collaborator, Frances, had spent over Twenty years studying the social networks, language, and oral traditions of the peoples of West Africa and their descendants in the New World. Dahomey, the major site of their African work, is in the country now known as the Republic of Benin. This volume, had two goals: in its collection of 155 narratives, to provide basic texts of the analytical side, to provide a general theory of mythology using new oral narratives and looking at their tradition culminating in a survey of different prevailing Theories of myth. The result is a wide-ranging collection, culled from an entire narrative tradition, that remains unique among anthropological publications.