Introductory technical guidance for civil and environmental engineers interested in municipal wastewater treatment. Here is what is discussed: 1. THE NEED FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT 2. EFFECTS OF WASTEWATER ON WATER QUALITY 3. COLLECTING AND TREATING WASTEWATER 4. POLLUTANTS 5. SANITARY SEWER SYSTEMS 6. WASTEWATER TREATMENT 7. DISINFECTION 8. PRETREATMENT 9. ADVANCED METHODS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT 10. THE USE OR DISPOSAL OF WASTEWATER RESIDUALS AND BIOSOLIDS 11. DECENTRALIZED (ONSITE AND CLUSTER) SYSTEMS 12. ASSET MANAGEMENT 13. OPERATION 14. MAINTENANCE

The principle of the conventional activated sludge (CAS) for municipal wastewater treatment is primarily based on biological oxidation by which organic matters are converted to biomass and carbon dioxide. After more than 100 years’ successful application, the CAS process is receiving increasing critiques on its high energy consumption and excessive sludge generation. Currently, almost all municipal wastewater treatment plants with the CAS as a core process are being operated in an energy-negative fashion. To tackle such challenging situations, there is a need to re-examine the present wastewater treatment philosophy by developing and adopting novel process configurations and emerging technologies. The solutions going forward should rely on the ways to improve direct energy recovery from wastewater, while minimizing in-plant energy consumption. This book begins with a critical overview of the energy situation and challenges in current municipal wastewater treatment plants, showing the necessity of the paradigm shift from removal to recovery in terms of energy and resource. As such, the concept of A-B process is discussed in detail in the book. It appears that various A-B process configurations are able to provide possible engineering solutions in which A-stage is primarily designed for COD capture with the aim for direct anaerobic treatment without producing excessive biosludge, while B-stage is designated for nitrogen removal. Making the wastewater treatment energy self-sustainable is obviously of global significance and eventually may become a game changer for the global market of the municipal wastewater reclamation technology. The principal audiences include practitioners, professionals, university researchers, undergraduate and postgraduate students who are interested and specialized in municipal wastewater treatment and process design, environmental engineering, and environmental biotechnology.

Introductory technical guidance for civil engineers, environmental engineers and other professional engineers and construction managers interested in wastewater treatment. Here is what is discussed: 1. THE NEED FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 2. EFFECTS OF WASTEWATER ON WATER QUALITY, 3. COLLECTING AND TREATING WASTEWATER, 4. POLLUTANTS, 5. SANITARY SEWER SYSTEMS, 6. WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 7. DISINFECTION, 8. PRETREATMENT, 9. ADVANCED METHODS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 10. THE USE OR DISPOSAL OF WASTEWATER RESIDUALS AND BIOSOLIDS, 11. DECENTRALIZED (ONSITE AND CLUSTER) SYSTEMS, 12. ASSET MANAGEMENT, 13. OPERATION, 14. MAINTENANCE.

Introductory technical guidance for civil engineers, environmental engineers and other professional engineers and construction managers interested in municipal wastewater treatment. Here is what is discussed: 1. THE NEED FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 2. EFFECTS OF WASTEWATER ON WATER QUALITY, 3. COLLECTING AND TREATING WASTEWATER, 4. POLLUTANTS, 5. SANITARY SEWER SYSTEMS, 6. WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 7. DISINFECTION,8. PRETREATMENT, 9. ADVANCED METHODS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 10. THE USE OR DISPOSAL OF WASTEWATER RESIDUALS AND BIOSOLIDS, 11. DECENTRALIZED (ONSITE AND CLUSTER) SYSTEMS, 12. ASSET MANAGEMENT, 13. OPERATION, 14. MAINTENANCE.

Municipal Wastewater Management in Developing Countries discusses various approaches to municipal wastewater management in order to protect both public health and the environment, with the major focus being on waterborne diseases. Developing countries can be divided into two main categories, i.e. countries in transition with higher growth rates where industrialisation and urbanisation are taking place rapidly, and countries with slower growth rates. It is important, therefore, that approaches should be tailor-made and site-specific. In general, the major trends of water pollution control have significantly contributed to the development of ?conventional sanitation? approaches in terms of legal and financial frameworks, as well as technological enhancement. Despite advances in the science, engineering and legal frameworks, 95 per cent of the wastewater in the world is released into the environment without treatment. Only five per cent of global wastewater is properly treated using the ?standard? sanitation facilities, mainly in developed countries. As a result, the majority of the world?s population is still exposed to waterborne diseases, and the quality of water resources has been rapidly degraded, particularly in poor developing countries. The challenge now is to provide the world?s population, especially the poor, with adequate water and sanitation facilities. Despite billions of dollars of investment spent every year, billions of poor people are still suffering and dying because of poor sanitation. At the beginning of this century, about 1.1 billion people lived without access to clean water (compared to about the same number in 1990), 2.4 billion without appropriate sanitation (compared to 2.3 billion in 1990) and four billion without sound wastewater disposal. The future scenario, that water resources will be further depleted by a growing world population, will be coupled with environmental degradation due to poor pollution control, particularly in most of the developing countries. In order to address the issue of water and wastewater management in developing countries it is necessary to take into consideration the segments of the society itself, particularly the types of housing areas. The segments will indicate the level of socio-economic, mentality and knowledge, which is important for any planned changes in their life style and social engineering. It is also important to segregate the funding framework of any proposed projects. High-income urban communities, for instance, are generally willing to pay for sewerage services and higher water supply tariffs, therefore a designated system can be accordingly provided. Over the past 10 years, serious criticism has been given to the ?conventional sanitation? approach, consequently many definitions, concepts and characteristics have been proposed on ?sustainable sanitation?. Sustainable sanitation is a relevant concept in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015 of providing water supply and adequate sanitation for developing countries. Sustainable sanitation is flexible in approach any community ? poor or rich, urban or rural, water-rich or water-poor country ? and requires lower investment costs compared to conventional sanitation approaches. It is also important to note that the framework of sustainable sanitation is much easier to adopt in developing countries where water supply and sanitation infrastructures are still in the developing stages. In some developing countries, no public facilities are available therefore it is an ideal condition to start a new infrastructure with a new framework. This comprehensive reference, prepared by leading international authorities, will provide an invaluable reference for all those concerned with the management of sanitation services in developing countries worldwide.

"Long-established as an essential reference of the water quality industry, Operation of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants, MOP 11 is now available in a revised and expanded Sixth edition. The first major revision in 11 years, this updated classic offers you a complete guide to the operation and maintenance of municipal wastewater treatment plants."--BOOK JACKET.