Introductory technical guidance for civil engineers and land surveyors interested in geodetic reference systems for land surveys. Here is what is discussed: 1. GEODETIC REFERENCE SYSTEMS 2. HORIZONTAL COORDINATE SYSTEMS 3. VERTICAL REFERENCE SYSTEMS.

The GPS Signal - Biases and Solutions - The Framework - Receivers and Methods - Coordinates - Planning a Survey - Observing - Postprocessing - RTK and DGPS.

Geodetic datum (including coordinate datum, height datum, depth datum, gravimetry datum) and geodetic systems (including geodetic coordinate system, plane coordinate system, height system, gravimetry system) are the common foundations for every aspect of geomatics. This course book focuses on geodetic datum and geodetic systems, and describes the basic theories, techniques, methods of geodesy. The main themes include: the various techniques of geodetic data acquisition, geodetic datum and geodetic control networks, geoid and height systems, reference ellipsoid and geodetic coordinate systems, Gaussian projection and Gaussian plan coordinates and the establishment of geodetic coordinate systems. The framework of this book is based on several decades of lecture noted and the contents are developed systematically for a complete introduction to the geodetic foundations of geomatics.

This publication provides introductory technical guidance for professional engineers and land surveyors interested in accuracy standards for land surveys. Here is what is discussed: 1. PURPOSE 2. GENERAL SURVEYING AND MAPPING SPECIFICATIONS 3. ACCURACY STANDARDS FOR ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION 4. ACCURACY STANDARDS FOR MAPS AND RELATED GEOSPATIAL PRODUCTS 5. PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MAPPING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS 6. CADASTRAL OR REAL PROPERTY SURVEY ACCURACY STANDARDS 7. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING ACCURACY STANDARDS 8. STRUCTURAL DEFORMATION SURVEY STANDARDS 9. GEODETIC CONTROL SURVEY STANDARDS 10. STATE AND LOCAL ACCURACY STANDARDS 11. MANDATORY STANDARDS