"According to reports, China conducted tests of hypersonic glide vehicles in July and August 2021, which Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Mark Milley described as "concerning." China's hypersonic weapons program has drawn significant global attention and research interests in recent years. DOD's Annual Report to Congress on Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China first mentioned hypersonic glide vehicles in 2015. The hypersonic glide vehicle-equipped DF-17 missile, unveiled at China's 2019 National Day Parade, further fueled speculation and interest about China's hypersonic research and development (R&D) program. Subsequent reporting indicates that units with these missiles have already been deployed. Other evidence suggests that China is engaged in a wide range of hypersonic weapons programs including wave-riders and cruise missiles. To date, open-source English-language analysis of the subject has focused heavily on the strategic drivers and disruptive impacts of the program. Other studies that looked at technical aspects focused on a small set of technologies. This report adopts a different approach, using a framework developed by Chinese scientists for prioritizing technologies for development, and then applying machine-learning-enabled analytics to analyze China's hypersonic research and development activities in those areas over time. It investigates the following research questions: Does the HV development framework proposed by Cai and Xu align with subsequent Chinese research activity? ; Who are the institutions, researchers, and international collaborators leading China's HV research programs? ; How has China's HV research activity evolved over time? By adopting this approach, the goal is not only to provide an assessment of the state of hypersonic R&D for the China-analysis community, but also for the broader U.S.-scientific research community who wishes to understand China's research approach and progress in this key technology area."--Introduction.

"According to reports, China conducted tests of hypersonic glide vehicles in July and August 2021, which Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Mark Milley described as "concerning." China's hypersonic weapons program has drawn significant global attention and research interests in recent years. DOD's Annual Report to Congress on Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China first mentioned hypersonic glide vehicles in 2015. The hypersonic glide vehicle-equipped DF-17 missile, unveiled at China's 2019 National Day Parade, further fueled speculation and interest about China's hypersonic research and development (R&D) program. Subsequent reporting indicates that units with these missiles have already been deployed. Other evidence suggests that China is engaged in a wide range of hypersonic weapons programs including wave-riders and cruise missiles. To date, open-source English-language analysis of the subject has focused heavily on the strategic drivers and disruptive impacts of the program. Other studies that looked at technical aspects focused on a small set of technologies. This report adopts a different approach, using a framework developed by Chinese scientists for prioritizing technologies for development, and then applying machine-learning-enabled analytics to analyze China's hypersonic research and development activities in those areas over time. It investigates the following research questions: Does the HV development framework proposed by Cai and Xu align with subsequent Chinese research activity? ; Who are the institutions, researchers, and international collaborators leading China's HV research programs? ; How has China's HV research activity evolved over time? By adopting this approach, the goal is not only to provide an assessment of the state of hypersonic R&D for the China-analysis community, but also for the broader U.S.-scientific research community who wishes to understand China's research approach and progress in this key technology area."--Introduction.

While the United States and its allies put their military focus on the post-9/11 challenges of counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency, Russia and China put their military focus onto the United States and the risks of regional wars that they came to believe they might have to fight against the United States. Their first priority was to put their intellectual houses in order-that is, to adapt military thought and strategic planning to the new problem. The result is a set of ideas about how to bring the United States and its allies to a "culminating point" where they choose to no longer run the costs and risks of continued war. This is the "red theory of victory." Beginning in the second presidential term of Obama administration, the U.S. military focus began to shift, driven by rising Russian and Chinese military assertiveness and outspoken opposition to the regional security orders on their peripheries. But U.S. military thought has been slow to catch up. As a recent bipartisan congressional commission concluded, the U.S. intellectual house is dangerously out of order for this new strategic problem. There is no Blue theory of victory. Such a theory should explain how the United States and its allies can strip away the confidence of leaders in Moscow and Beijing (and Pyongyang) in their "escalation calculus"-that is, that they will judge the costs too high, the benefits to low, and the risks incalculable. To develop, improve, and implement the needed new concepts requires a broad campaign of activities by the United States and full partnership with its allies.

Through essays on topics including survival in extreme environments and the multicultural dimensions of exploration, readers will gain an understanding of the psychological challenges that have faced the space program since its earliest days. An engaging read for those interested in space, history, and psychology alike, this is a highly relevant read as we stand poised on the edge of a new era of spaceflight. Each essay also explicitly addresses the history of the psychology of space exploration.

The world is being transformed physically and politically. Technology is the handmaiden of much of this change. But since the current sweep of global change is transforming the face of warfare, Special Operations Forces (SOF) must adapt to these circumstances. Fortunately, adaptation is in the SOF DNA. This book examines the changes affecting SOF and offers possible solutions to the complexities that are challenging many long-held assumptions. The chapters explore what has changed, what stays the same, and what it all means for U.S. SOF. The authors are a mix of leading experts in technology, business, policy, intelligence, and geopolitics, partnered with experienced special operators who either cowrote the chapters or reviewed them to ensure accuracy and relevance for SOF. Our goal is to provide insights into the changes around us and generate ideas about how SOF can adapt and succeed in the emerging operational environment.

As a generalization of simple correspondence analysis, multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) is a powerful technique for handling larger, more complex datasets, including the high-dimensional categorical data often encountered in the social sciences, marketing, health economics, and biomedical research. Until now, however, the literature on the su