Presents the results of an investigation into the issues raised by the development of a compiler for APL, a very high level computer programming language. APL presents a number of novel problems for a compiler writer: weak variable typing, run time changes in variable shape, and a host of primitive operations. Through the integration of several recently developed compiler construction techniques, such as data flow analysis, and a novel and space efficient demand driven or lazy evaluation approach to code generation, the author has been able to produce a true compiler for the language while still maintaining the felxibility and ease that are the hallmarks of APL.

Starting off. The basic evaluator. Using larger values. Lisp. apl. Functional programming. Scheme. Sasl. Object-oriented programming. Clu. Smalltalk. Logic programming. Prolog. Implementation issues. Compilation. Memory management.

Compilers and operating systems constitute the basic interfaces between a programmer and the machine for which he is developing software. In this book we are concerned with the construction of the former. Our intent is to provide the reader with a firm theoretical basis for compiler construction and sound engineering principles for selecting alternate methods, imple menting them, and integrating them into a reliable, economically viable product. The emphasis is upon a clean decomposition employing modules that can be re-used for many compilers, separation of concerns to facilitate team programming, and flexibility to accommodate hardware and system constraints. A reader should be able to understand the questions he must ask when designing a compiler for language X on machine Y, what tradeoffs are possible, and what performance might be obtained. He should not feel that any part of the design rests on whim; each decision must be based upon specific, identifiable characteristics of the source and target languages or upon design goals of the compiler. The vast majority of computer professionals will never write a compiler. Nevertheless, study of compiler technology provides important benefits for almost everyone in the field . • It focuses attention on the basic relationships between languages and machines. Understanding of these relationships eases the inevitable tran sitions to new hardware and programming languages and improves a person's ability to make appropriate tradeoft's in design and implementa tion .

History of Programming Languages presents information pertinent to the technical aspects of the language design and creation. This book provides an understanding of the processes of language design as related to the environment in which languages are developed and the knowledge base available to the originators. Organized into 14 sections encompassing 77 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the programming techniques to use to help the system produce efficient programs. This text then discusses how to use parentheses to help the system identify identical subexpressions within an expression and thereby eliminate their duplicate calculation. Other chapters consider FORTRAN programming techniques needed to produce optimum object programs. This book discusses as well the developments leading to ALGOL 60. The final chapter presents the biography of Adin D. Falkoff. This book is a valuable resource for graduate students, practitioners, historians, statisticians, mathematicians, programmers, as well as computer scientists and specialists.

C is the programming language of choice when speed and reliability are required. It is used for many low-level tasks, such as device drivers and operating-system programming. For example, much of Windows and Linux is based on C programming. The updated 4th edition of Beginning C builds on the strengths of its predecessors to offer an essential guide for anyone who wants to learn C or desires a ‘brush-up’ in this compact, fundamental language. This classic from author, lecturer and respected academic Ivor Horton is the essential guide for anyone looking to learn the C language from the ground up.