Excerpt from American Therapist, Vol. 4: A Monthly Record of Modern Therapeutics, With Practical Suggestions, Relating to the Clinical Application of Drugs; 1895-1896 Zymotic Diseases and their MO dern Treatment (ii); by J. L. Porraous, MD. The Resources of Climate in Health and Disease, with some Remarks on Special Climates; by samubls. Wallian. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

This book identifies which characteristics make therapists more or less effective in their work and proposes guidelines to improve their effectiveness.

THE AMERICAN THERAPIST Original Author : John Aulde Edited/Added and Translated By : M. Meenachi Sundaram PREFACE 1. Introduction to The American Therapist: "The American Therapist" refers to the diverse group of mental health professionals in the United States who provide therapeutic services to individuals facing psychological, emotional, and behavioral challenges. These professionals include psychologists, licensed counselors, social workers, marriage and family therapists, and psychiatrists. They play a critical role in addressing mental health concerns, supporting individuals in managing stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, and many other mental health conditions. The American therapist is a key figure in a society that increasingly recognizes the importance of mental wellness. 2. Evolution of Therapy in America: Therapy in the United States has evolved significantly over the past century. Early mental health treatment was often institutionalized, with an emphasis on diagnosing and segregating those with severe mental illnesses. However, as psychological research advanced, therapeutic approaches shifted toward more humane and effective interventions. The advent of psychoanalysis, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and humanistic therapy marked major milestones in the evolution of mental health care in America. Today, therapy is accessible to a wider population, with an emphasis on patient-centered care and evidence-based practices. 3. The Role of the Therapist: The primary role of the American therapist is to provide a safe and supportive space for clients to explore their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Through various therapeutic modalities, therapists help individuals gain insight into their mental health, develop coping mechanisms, and implement strategies for personal growth. Therapists must establish trust and rapport with their clients, which is crucial for effective therapy. They also act as educators, guiding individuals toward understanding their mental health conditions and empowering them to take charge of their own well-being. 4. Diverse Therapeutic Modalities: American therapists utilize a wide array of therapeutic modalities depending on the needs of their clients. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is one of the most widely practiced methods, focusing on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors. Other popular approaches include psychodynamic therapy, which delves into unconscious processes, and humanistic therapy, which emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization. Therapists may also employ newer modalities such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for trauma, or mindfulness-based therapies for stress reduction. 5. The Importance of Cultural Competence: In the multicultural landscape of the United States, cultural competence is a crucial aspect of effective therapy. American therapists must be aware of and sensitive to the cultural, racial, ethnic, and religious backgrounds of their clients. Understanding cultural differences helps therapists tailor their approach to the unique needs of individuals from diverse backgrounds. Cultural competence also involves recognizing the impact of systemic issues such as racism, socioeconomic disparities, and historical trauma on mental health. 6. The Growing Demand for Mental Health Services: In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the demand for mental health services in the United States. Factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing awareness of mental health, and social media's influence on mental health conversations have all contributed to this surge. As a result, American therapists are experiencing an unprecedented workload. The growing recognition that mental health is just as important as physical health has led to an increased willingness among individuals to seek therapy. 7. Teletherapy: A New Frontier: With the rise of technology, teletherapy has become a significant mode of delivering mental health services in America. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual therapy sessions became the norm, allowing therapists to reach clients from the safety of their homes. Teletherapy has expanded access to mental health care for individuals in rural areas, those with mobility issues, or those who may feel anxious about in-person visits. Many American therapists now offer a hybrid of in-person and virtual sessions, adapting to the changing landscape of mental health care. 8. The Ethics of American Therapy: Ethics play a central role in the work of the American therapist. Therapists must adhere to strict ethical guidelines set forth by professional bodies such as the American Psychological Association (APA) and the National Association of Social Workers (NASW). Confidentiality, informed consent, and maintaining appropriate boundaries are fundamental aspects of these ethical standards. Additionally, therapists must be vigilant in managing conflicts of interest and avoiding any form of exploitation or harm to their clients. 9. The Impact of Stigma on Therapy: Despite the increasing acceptance of therapy, mental health stigma remains a barrier for many Americans seeking help. Some individuals fear being judged or labeled as "weak" for needing therapy, while others may come from cultural backgrounds where mental health issues are not openly discussed. American therapists work hard to reduce this stigma by normalizing conversations about mental health and emphasizing the importance of seeking help when needed. Public awareness campaigns and open discussions about mental health continue to play a role in reducing stigma. 10. Trauma-Informed Care: Trauma-informed care is a critical framework in the practice of American therapists, particularly for those working with individuals who have experienced significant emotional or physical trauma. Trauma-informed therapy focuses on creating a safe and supportive environment for clients, ensuring that they do not feel retraumatized during the therapeutic process. This approach also acknowledges the widespread impact of trauma and seeks to empower individuals to heal from their experiences in a respectful, nonjudgmental manner. 11. Therapists as Advocates for Mental Health: Beyond the therapy room, American therapists often take on the role of mental health advocates. They work to influence public policy, raise awareness about mental health issues, and fight for greater access to mental health services. Advocacy can take many forms, from writing articles and participating in media interviews to engaging in grassroots activism. By advocating for mental health, therapists help shape a society that better supports individuals with mental health needs. 12. Therapy for Children and Adolescents: Therapists specializing in children and adolescents play a vital role in early mental health intervention. Issues such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, and behavioral disorders often first appear during childhood and adolescence. American therapists who work with younger populations employ techniques suited to the developmental stage of their clients, such as play therapy or art therapy. Early intervention by therapists can significantly improve a young person’s mental health trajectory, helping them build resilience and coping skills for adulthood. 13. Therapy for Couples and Families: Marriage and family therapists in the U.S. specialize in helping couples and families navigate complex relationship dynamics. They work with clients to improve communication, resolve conflicts, and strengthen emotional bonds. In couples therapy, therapists often address issues such as trust, intimacy, and conflict resolution, while family therapy may focus on broader dynamics, including parenting strategies and the emotional well-being of all family members. These therapists play a crucial role in promoting healthier family environments. 14. Addiction and Substance Abuse Therapy: Therapists who work in addiction and substance abuse counseling face unique challenges. Substance use disorders can have devastating effects on individuals and their families, and recovery often requires intensive, long-term treatment. Therapists use various approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and motivational interviewing, to help clients overcome addiction. Additionally, many addiction therapists work in rehabilitation centers or collaborate with medical professionals to provide comprehensive care. 15. Therapists in Crisis Intervention: American therapists are often on the front lines in times of crisis. Whether responding to natural disasters, terrorist attacks, or personal emergencies, crisis intervention therapists provide immediate psychological support to those affected by trauma. They help individuals process shock and grief, offering tools to cope with overwhelming emotions. Therapists trained in crisis intervention play an essential role in stabilizing mental health in the aftermath of traumatic events. 16. The Integration of Mind-Body Approaches: In recent years, many American therapists have integrated mind-body approaches into their practice. Techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, yoga, and biofeedback are increasingly used to complement traditional talk therapy. These approaches emphasize the connection between mental and physical health, recognizing that stress, anxiety, and trauma often manifest in the body. By incorporating these practices, therapists offer holistic treatment options that promote overall well-being. 17. Diversity in the Field of Therapy: The American therapist community is becoming more diverse, reflecting the growing recognition of the importance of cultural and racial representation in mental health care. More therapists from underrepresented backgrounds are entering the field, bringing valuable perspectives to their practice. Diversity among therapists helps ensure that clients can find professionals who understand their unique cultural or ethnic experiences, which can enhance the therapeutic relationship and the effectiveness of treatment. 18. Therapy and Mental Health in the Workplace: Workplace stress is a significant contributor to mental health issues in the U.S., and many therapists now work with clients to address job-related anxiety, burnout, and depression. In addition, some therapists are employed directly by companies as part of employee assistance programs (EAPs). These therapists provide counseling to employees struggling with work-life balance, job stress, and interpersonal conflicts, helping them manage their mental health while maintaining productivity. 19. The Therapist-Client Relationship: The therapist-client relationship is the cornerstone of effective therapy. This relationship is built on trust, empathy, and mutual respect. American therapists are trained to create a nonjudgmental and safe space where clients feel comfortable sharing their deepest thoughts and feelings. A strong therapeutic alliance can significantly impact the outcome of therapy, as clients are more likely to engage in the process and apply the insights they gain from sessions to their daily lives. 20. Gender and Sexuality in Therapy: American therapists increasingly focus on issues related to gender and sexuality, helping clients navigate challenges related to identity, discrimination, and societal pressures. Therapists who specialize in LGBTQ+ issues provide support to individuals facing unique mental health challenges due to their sexual orientation or gender identity. Affirmative therapy, which validates and supports a client’s sexual and gender identity, is a crucial aspect of providing inclusive care. 21. Therapists in the Digital Age: The rise of social media and digital technology has introduced new challenges for American therapists. Cyberbullying, internet addiction, and the impact of social media on self-esteem are common issues faced by younger clients. Therapists must navigate these modern issues, helping clients manage their online presence and mental health in an increasingly digital world. Additionally, therapists use digital tools, including apps and online resources, to enhance therapy and promote mental wellness. 22. Challenges Faced by Therapists: American therapists face their own set of challenges, including emotional burnout, compassion fatigue, and managing the heavy emotional toll of their work. The intense emotional involvement required in therapy can sometimes lead therapists to experience vicarious trauma, where they absorb the emotional pain of their clients. To manage these challenges, therapists are encouraged to seek supervision, engage in self-care practices, and maintain their own mental health through therapy or peer support. 23. The Future of American Therapy: Looking to the future, the role of the American therapist will continue to evolve as mental health takes on greater prominence in public discourse. Advances in neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and digital therapeutics will likely shape the way therapists diagnose and treat mental health conditions. Moreover, as society becomes more aware of the importance of mental health, the demand for qualified, compassionate therapists will continue to grow. 24. The Global Influence of American Therapy: American therapists have also had a significant impact on the global practice of therapy. Many therapeutic models, including CBT and psychoanalysis, originated in the United States and have since been adopted by mental health professionals worldwide. American universities and training programs for therapists are considered among the best in the world, attracting students from across the globe. As a result, American therapy continues to shape mental health practices beyond U.S. borders. 25. Conclusion: The Vital Role of the American Therapist: The American therapist plays a vital role in promoting mental health and well-being across diverse populations. Through a combination of empathy, evidence-based practices, and a commitment to lifelong learning, therapists provide crucial support to individuals facing a wide range of mental health challenges. As the field of therapy continues to evolve, American therapists will remain at the forefront of mental health care, helping people lead healthier, more fulfilling lives. TABLE OF CONTENTS THE AMERICAN THERAPIST.. 2 The American Therapist 16 A MONTHLY RECORD OF MODERN THERAPEUTICS, WITH PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS RELATING TO THE CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF DRUGS. 16 Manufacturing Chemists. 17 Animal Extracts. 18 Bacteriology. 19 Creosote. 20 Coal Tar. 20 ACTIONS OF DRUGS ON THE INTESTINES. 22 Methods of Experiment to Determine where a Drug Acts to Produce Catharsis. 22 Actions of Cathartics in Disease. 32 UNREGARDED CAUSES OF ILL-HEALTH IN AMERICAN WOMEN. 34 POSSIBILITIES IN THE THERAPY OF NUX VOMICA. 41 THE THERAPEUTICS OF STRANGULATED HERNIA. 45 PERISCOPE OF THERAPEUTICS. 47 Methylene Blue. 47 Piperazin and Piperazin Hydrochlorate. 48 Hypodermatic Alimentation. 49 Recent Medicaments. 50 Editorial. 53 INFLUENZA AND ITS TREATMENT. 53 AUTO-INFECTION IN ABDOMINAL DISORDERS. 55 THE PRINCIPLE INVOLVED IN THE SUBCUTANEOUS USE OF BLOOD-SERUM. 57 EDITORIAL NOTES. 58 Correspondence. 60 THE DOSE OF SANTONIN. 60 ICE IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. 62 Current Literature. 62 NATURE’S CURE OF PHTHISIS. 62 VENTRO-FIXATION OF THE UTERUS. 63 PNEUMONIA. 64 DRUG ACTION. 65 DIGESTIVE LEUCOCYTOSIS. 68 Book Notices. 73 BOOK NOTES. 75 PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. 76 Miscellany. 78 ABOUT THE AUTHOR.. 82 The American Therapist A MONTHLY RECORD OF MODERN THERAPEUTICS, WITH PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS RELATING TO THE CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF DRUGS. Whoever reads the history of Therapeutics will find there records of much faithful work in many directions—records not infrequently of hope deferred. He will find there also a tolerably full account of human credulity, of human weakness and of human cupidity.

The unexpected loss of a client can be a lonely and isolating experience for therapists. While family and friends can ritually mourn the deceased, the nature of the therapeutic relationship prohibits therapists from engaging in such activities. Practitioners can only share memories of a client in circumscribed ways, while respecting the patient's confidentiality. Therefore, they may find it difficult to discuss the things that made the therapeutic relationship meaningful. Similarly, when a therapist loses someone in their private lives, they are expected to isolate themselves from grief, since allowing one's personal life to enter the working relationship can interfere with a client's self-discovery and healing. For therapists caught between their grief and the empathy they provide for their clients, this collection explores the complexity of bereavement within the practice setting. It also examines the professional and personal ramifications of death and loss for the practicing clinician. Featuring original essays from longstanding practitioners, the collection demonstrates the universal experience of bereavement while outlining a theoretical framework for the position of the bereft therapist. Essays cover the unexpected death of clients and patient suicide, personal loss in a therapist's life, the grief of clients who lose a therapist, disastrous loss within a community, and the grief resulting from professional losses and disruptions. The first of its kind, this volume gives voice to long-suppressed thoughts and emotions, enabling psychologists, psychiatrists, counselors, and other mental health specialists to achieve the connection and healing they bring to their own work.

First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.

Professional helpers may harm their clients instead of helping them. This is one of the important implications – for the selection, training and practice of members of the helping professions – of the evidence reviewed in this book. Originally published in 1977, Gerald Smale argues that the expectations of the professional helper, whether social worker, doctor, psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, psychotherapist or counsellor, can act as self-fulfilling prophecies on his or her clients, for better or worse. In order to suggest how the expectations of the helper might operate, the author examines a three-stage model of self-fulfilling prophecies. The stages are: the prophecy; behaviour based upon the prophecy; the outcome brought about by the behaviour. Extensive evidence from the fields of experimenter bias, hypnosis and placebo medicine, psychotherapy, casework and counselling research, is reviewed and related to the model, and the relationship between this analysis and labelling theory is discussed. The book demonstrates that it is the behaviour of the worker towards the client which is of crucial importance, and proposes that the client’s future and his or her personal strengths should be an important focus of the helping relationship. Finally, it outlines the dangers of negative expectations, and emphasises the ways in which expectations can be used to optimum effect.