Krätschmer and Huffman's revolutionary discovery of a new solid phase of carbon, solid C60, in 1990 opened the way to an entire new class of materials with physical properties so diverse that their richness has not yet been fully exploited. Moreover, as a by-product of fullerene research, carbon nanotubes were later identified, from which novel nanostructures originated that are currently fascinating materials scientists worldwide. Rivers of words have been written on both fullerenes and nanotubes, in the form of journal articles, conference proceedings and books. The present book offers, in a concise and self-contained manner, the basics of the science of these materials as well as detailed information on those aspects that have so far been better explored. Structural, electronic and dynamical properties are described as obtained from various measurements and state-of-the-art calculations. Their interrelation emerges as well as their possible dependence on, for example, preparation conditions or methods of investigation. By presenting and comparing data from different sources, experiment and theory, this book helps the reader to rapidly master the basic knowledge, to grasp important issues and critically discuss them. Ultimately, it aims to inspire him or her to find novel ways to approach still open questions. As such, this book is addressed to new researchers in the field as well as experts.

Alkali-doped fullerides have attracted strong interest since their production became possible about fifteen years ago. This book presents recent work which may solve intriguing problems arising from a variety of remarkable properties. For example, these solids are superconductors with high transition temperatures, although the similarity between the electronic and phonon energy scales should suppress superconductivity. Moreover, the Ioffe-Regel condition for electrical conductivity is strongly violated. The book shows why superconductivity is nevertheless possible, owing to a local pairing mechanism. The Ioffe-Regel condition is derived quantum-mechanically, and it is explained why the underlying assumptions are violated for fullerides and high-c cuprates, for example. The book treats electronic and transport properties, reviewing theoretical and experimental results. It focuses on superconductivity, electrical conductivity and metal-insulator transitions, emphasizing the electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions as well as the Jahn-Teller effect.

This volume provides a record of the second ASI on the subject "Chemical Physics of Intercalation", which was patterned after its highly successful July 1987 predecessor. A growing community of chemists, physicists and materials scientists has come to appreciate the utility of extending the intercalation concept to generic guest-host compounds and solid solutions. The unifying themes are the complex phase equilibria which result from the competition between repulsive and attractive interactions between and within the guest and host substructures, the tunability of properties by control of guest concentration and superlattice periodicity, and the broad spectrum of potential applications which these materials may provide. The success of this initiative may be judged by noting the enlarged scope of materials covered in this volume as compared to its predecessor. The present volume covers the spectrum from 3-dimensional oxides, 2-dimensional classical layer intercalates,- dimensional doped polymers and zero-dimensional doped fullerene lattices. Hybrid systems such as polymers in layer hosts and nonporous hosts are also treated. Several chapters provide global unifying viewpoints by focussing on sold state chemical aspects, transport and optical properties, the occurrence of superconductivity, etc.

Although synthetic fullerenes have only been around for a few years, there are thousands of scientific articles dealing with them. This is the first monograph in the field and thus represents a vital source of information summarizing the most important and fundamental aspects of the organic and organometallic chemistry of the fullerenes. The book is logically arranged so that information is easy to retrieve, and the style lends itself to effortless reading and to learning more about the chemical properties of a family of molecules that constitute new building blocks for novel architectures in the ever-expanding universe of synthetic chemistry. Belongs on the shelves of university libraries as well as those of chemists interested in the art and science of structure and property manipulation by synthesis.

An Introduction to Green Nanotechnology, Volume 28, provides students, scientists and chemical engineers with an overview of several types of nanostructures, discusses the synthesis and characterization of nanostructures, and provides applications of nanotechnology in daily life. The book offers a foundation to green nanotechnology by explaining why green nanotechnology is important. Covers biological sources in green nanotechnology, antioxidants, green nanostructures, mechanism, synthesis and characterization. The book ends with an evaluation of the risks of nanotechnology in human life and future perspectives. - Introduces novel sources of plants having a high potential to be used as bio media to synthesize nanostructures - Provides phytochemical properties and antioxidant potential, and their effects on stability, morphology and size of green nanostructures - Includes a medicinal and technological comparison of green synthesized nanostructures to nano-products from non-green methods - Uses accessible language, avoiding complex concepts of mathematics, biology and chemistry

Until recently, the element carbon was believed to exhibit only two main allotropic forms, diamond and graphite. Research in the US and Europe has now confirmed the existence of a third previously unknown form - buckminsterfullerene (C60) and its relatives, the fullerenes (C24, C28, C32, C70 etc). The story of fullerene chemistry, physics and materials science began in 1985, almost twenty years after the existence of a spherical carbon cluster was first considered. In September 1985 a joint Sussex/Rice Universities team including Kroto, Heath, O'Brien, Curl and Smalley used a powerful mass spectrometric technique to identify the C+60 species, and proposed a spherical structure and the name buckminsterfullerene. It was not, however, until Krätschmer and Huffman reported the isolation of crystals of C60 in 1990 that the closed cage structure of C60 could be confirmed. The Fullerenes documents the work leading up to 1990 and more recent developments in the field of fullerene research and will serve as an indispensible reference tool for all workers in this area.