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For hundreds of years, indigenous populations have developed drugs based on medicinal plants. Many practitioners, especially advocates of traditional medicine, continue to support the use of plants and functional foods as methods by which many ailments can be treated. With relevance around the world as a complementary and alternative medicine, advancements for the use of both ethnopharmacology and nutraceuticals in disease must continually be explored, especially as society works to combat chronic illnesses, increasingly resilient infectious diseases, and pain management controversies. The Research Anthology on Recent Advancements in Ethnopharmacology and Nutraceuticals discusses the advancements made in herbal medicines and functional foods that can be used as alternative medical treatments for a variety of illness and chronic diseases. The anthology will further explain the benefits that they provide as well as the possible harm they may do without proper research on the subject. Covering topics such as food additives, dietary supplements, and physiological benefits, this text is an important resource for dieticians, pharmacists, doctors, nurses, medical professionals, medical students, hospital administrators, researchers, and academicians.

Microbial Secondary Metabolites (SMs) are low molecular weight compounds produced during secondary metabolism. The majority are produced by specific groups of microorganisms under environmental stress conditions, including; nutrient deficiencies, pH, temperature, and metal ions concentrations. Many reported SMs are categorized as antibiotics, pigments, toxins, pheromones, enzyme inhibitors, antitumor agents, immunomodulators, receptor antagonists and agonists, animal and plant growth promoters, and pesticides. Their synthesis is regulated by a group of genes residing on the chromosomal DNA/plasmid DNA known as Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs). Moreover, their metabolic pathways are complex and controlled by many regulating factors, thus needing to be studied from an enzymatic, regulatory, and differentiation perspective. Due to their structural diversity, SMs have a wide range of biotechnological applications in the agricultural, health, industrial, and environmental sectors. Hence, they have a great potential to positively impact health, nutrition, and the economy on a global scale. The main goal of this Research Topic is to highlight current research exploring microbial SMs and their potential future applications in the agricultural, pharmaceutical, industrial, and environmental sectors. Microbes have proved to be a reliable source of SM production, with high structural diversity and product yields. However, there are several challenges to reliable SM production, including; the regulation of cultural conditions, development of industrial strains, and product yield. Such challenges can be mitigated to some extent through exploring non-conventional microbial sources, chemical and biological modifications, metagenomics, and genome mining approaches. Additionally, genetic engineering techniques can improve microbial strain characteristics, product yield, and generate novel molecules. Furthermore, microbial co-culture methods have been praised for increasing the yields and improving the structural diversity of the product, as well as advances in computational strategies enabling the identification of BGCs in genome sequences and the prediction of chemical product structures. Nevertheless, there remains significant potential to identify novel and industrially important SMs.

​In recent years there has been significant attention paid on the endophytic research by various groups working within this domain. Mutualistic endophytic microbes with an emphasis on the relatively understudied fungal endophytes are the focus of this special book. Plants are associated with micro-organisms: endophytic bacteria and fungi, which live inter- and intra-cellularly without inducing pathogenic symptoms, but have active biochemical and genetic interactions with their host. Endophytes play vital roles as plant growth promoters, biocontrol agents, biosurfactant producers, enzymes and secondary metabolite producers, as well as providing a new hidden repertoire of bioactive natural products with uses in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and other biotechnological applications. The increasing interest in endophytic research generates significant progress in our understanding of the host-endophyte relationship at molecular and genetic level. The bio-prospection of microbial endophytes has led to exciting possibilities for their biotechnological application as biocontrol agent, bioactive metabolites, and other useful traits. Apart from these virtues, the microbial endophytes may be adapted to the complex metabolism of many desired molecules that can be of significant industrial applications. These microbes can be a useful alternative for sustainable solutions for ecological control of pests and diseases, and can reduce the burden of excess of chemical fertilizers for this purpose. This book is an attempt to review the recent development in the understanding of microbial endophytes and their potential biotechnological applications. This is a collection of literature authored by noted researchers having signatory status in endophytic research and summarizes the development achieved so far, and future prospects for further research in this fascinating area of research.

Advances in Microbial Physiology, Volume 83 in this ongoing serial, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. Topics of interest in this update include RidA paradigm, Targeting the cell envelope to overcome antimicrobial resistance, Biosynthesis and function of microbial methylmenaquinones, Antibiotic efficacy, Role of central metabolism/bacterial physiology on tolerance to cell wall-acting antibiotics, and Physiology of diazotrophs. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in Advances in Microbial Physiology serial - Covers the RidA paradigm, Targeting the cell envelope to overcome antimicrobial resistance, Biosynthesis and function of microbial methylmenaquinones, and more

Advances in Applied Microbiology, Volume 111, continues the comprehensive reach of this widely read and authoritative review source in microbiology. Users will find invaluable references and information on a variety of areas relating to the topic. - Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field of microbiology - Includes discussions on the role of specific molecules in pathogen life stages and interactions, and much more

Volume 22 of 'Progress in Drug Research' contains 8 contributions from vari ous areas of drug research and therapy. As in previous volumes, in the present volume the authors have also tried not only to summarize the current status of particular fields of drug research, but also to provide leads for future research activity. The various contributions in this volume will be of especial value not only to those actively concerned in resolving the diverse problems in drug research, but also to those who wish to keep abreast of the latest developments influencing modem therapy. In addition, it is believed that volume 22 and the previous 21 volumes of 'Progress in Drug Research' so far published represent a useful reference work of an encyclopaedic character. The editor would also like to take this opportunity of expressing his gratitude to those who reviewed the previous volumes of this series of monographs and, by doing so gave useful advice for the future volumes. At the same time, thanks are expressed to Dr. A. Naf for carefully working over the manuscripts and correcting proofs. Thanks are also due to the publishers and the printers, Druckerei Birkhauser, especially to Messrs. Th. Birkhauser and C. Einsele. Unfortunately, this is the last volume which went into ptess during Dr. A. Birkhauser's lifetime; he passed away on March 4, 1978 and the editor would like to stress the fact'tl;tat.