Annotation About the Book: Now that India is virtually the only player in this field, an elaboration is needed with respect to more fundamental understanding as well as future prospects and needs, which this edition has tried to fulfill. It can now fulfill the need of a reference textbook in alternate iron making area for undergraduate and post graduate students in Metallurgical, Production, Manufacturing, Chemical, Materials and to a minor extent Mechanical Engineering disciplines. The aim of fulfilling the needs of entrepreneurs and plant operators has not only been retained; it has been elaborated. Further, the basic aspects have been presented in a way that is lucid and simple to understand and should serve as an incentive to the operators and entrepreneurs to develop a deeper understanding of the process. The project engineering section now gives guidelines sufficient to make a project report. Opportunities available to this process and the competition it faces has also been highlighted. A chapter on reaction kinetics has been included as also a section on iron ore and pellets. Other sections included are on Aerodynamics, Auto Ignition, Coal Throwing, etc. Rest of the text has been updated to the extent possible. Some advanced features have been introduced such as Mathematical Modeling, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Reduction Mechanism, etc. to give researchers in the area of food for thought. Contents: IntroductionRotary Kiln Process of Making Sponge IronThermodynamic Considerations: Feasibility of ReactionAerodynamics inside a Sponge Iron Rotary KilnMathematical Modelling in Rotary Kiln Sponge Iron MakingPhysical Movement of Solids inside a Rotary Kiln: Charge Movement and Coal Throwing/SlingingRequirement, Generation and Transfer of Heat in a Sponge Iron Rotary KilnReaction KineticsRaw Materials for Sponge Iron MakingAccretion or Ring Formation inside a Rotary KilnSponge Iron Properties: Re-oxidation and Auto-Ignition of Sponge IronUses of Sponge IronProcess Design, Engineering & Operational Aspects of an RK-DR PlantOther Uses of Rotary Kiln for Reduction PurposesEnvironmental Aspects of Sponge Iron Making in Rotary Kiln and Future Prospect.

This book focuses on agglomeration, or the size enlargement process, of iron ores. This process sits at the interface of mineral processing and extractive metallurgy. The book begins with a discussion of raw materials preparation and the beneficiation process. It then describes fundamental principles of the sintering and pelletization processes, including formation of green mix through granulation and green balls as well as chemical reactions during sintering. Finally, it offers a brief description of iron making processes and correlations related to the agglomerates: quality parameters and BF productivity and coke rate.

This comprehensive book deals with the environmental aspects of metallurgical industries, including ferrous (iron and steel, DRI units, EAF units, ferroalloys and foundries) and non-ferrous (aluminium, copper, lead and zinc) plants. The text, comprising of eight chapters, discusses fundamental aspects of environment management, various energy sources available on the earth and environment awareness required for sustained economic growth. The book provides a thorough understanding of pollution sources in metallurgical industries and their abatement techniques. It also provides details of energy management in metal industry and enumerates factors for metallurgical plant location and layout. Furthermore, it presents health and safety guidelines for metallurgical professionals. The text concludes with discussion on basic legislations related to environment and labour. This book is primarily designed for undergraduate students of metallurgical engineering. Besides, it will also be useful as a ready reference source to professionals associated with metallurgical industries. KEY FEATURES Coverage of various types of environmental issues such as air emission, toxic effluents, solid waste, thermal discharge, noise and radiation. Analysis of renewable and non-renewable energy sources on the earth with current energy usage pattern and future consumption pattern. Description of various activities in the metallurgical units along with discussion of sources of pollution and abatement techniques. Guidelines for the plant location and layout. Basic information about labour health and safety, environmental legislations, labour laws, ISO 14000, carbon credit, etc.

With a boom in the steel industry all over the world today, the demand of sponge iron has considerably increased as a feed (raw) material to steel making. The increase in the demand of sponge iron is also due to the fact that it is used for replacing coke making required for blast furnace processing. The primary objective of this book is to provide the basis, principles, fundamentals and theory of sponge iron production. This book, earlier titled as Sponge Iron Production in Rotary Kiln, is revised as per the feedback from students, faculty members and professionals. It, now, covers broad spectrum of alternative routes of iron making, therefore, the book is renamed as Alternative Routes to Iron Making. In this revised edition of the book, three new chapters have been added to fulfil the requirement of a textbook for various universities. NEW TO THIS EDITION • New chapters on: o Utilization of Sponge Iron o Environmental Pollution and Control in Sponge Iron Industries o Smelting Reduction Process • Inclusion of principle of fluidisation in fluidised bed processes • Description of Hyl III process with recent development of the process Primarily intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of metal-lurgical engineering, this book is equally beneficial for researchers, and professionals engaged in DR processes and steel industries.

This book presents the fundamentals of iron and steel making, including the physical chemistry, thermodynamics and key concepts, while also discussing associated problems and solutions. It guides the reader through the production process from start to finish, covers the raw materials, and addresses the types of processes and reactions involved in both conventional and alternative methods. Though primarily intended as a textbook for students of metallurgical engineering, the book will also prove a useful reference for professionals and researchers working in this area.

Recent Advances in Mining and Processing of Low-Grade and Submarginal Mineral Deposits reviews advances in the mining and processing of low-grade and submarginal mineral deposits, taking into account the environmental considerations that increasingly are being regarded as a necessary prerequisite to acceptable mineral resources development. The focus is on marginal and sub-marginal ores, as well as ores of above normal cut-off grades which for some reason cannot be mined and/or processed economically at current technological or economic levels. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of low-grade ore potential, followed by a discussion on the theoretical and practical aspects of in situ mining. Block cave-in place leaching, biological leaching of sulfide ores, and nuclear chemical mining of primary copper sulfides are also considered. Subsequent chapters explore the economics and safety of nuclear chemical copper mining; hydrometallurgy of low-grade copper ores; trends in process metallurgy; and environmental aspects of mining and processing low-grade and submarginal mineral deposits. This monograph should be of interest to mining officials and professionals.