A variety of devices at nanometer/molecular scale for electronic, photonic, optoelectronic, biological, and mechanical applications have been created through the rapid development of materials and fabrication technology. Further development of nanodevices strongly depends on the state-of-the-art knowledge of science and technology at the sub-100 nm

A variety of devices at nanometer/molecular scale for electronic, photonic, optoelectronic, biological, and mechanical applications have been created through the rapid development of materials and fabrication technology. Further development of nanodevices strongly depends on the state-of-the-art knowledge of science and technology at the sub-100 nm scale. This book presents and highlights some of the key advances on, but not limited to, electronic and optoelectronic devices of nanometer/molecular scale, nanomechanics and nanoelectromechanical systems, electromechanical coupled devices, manipulation and aligning processes at nanometer/molecular scale, quantum phenomena, modeling of nanodevices and nanostructures, fabrication and property characterization of nanodevices, and nanofabrication with focused beam technology.

The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a multiagency, multidisciplinary federal initiative comprising a collection of research programs and other activities funded by the participating agencies and linked by the vision of "a future in which the ability to understand and control matter at the nanoscale leads to a revolution in technology and industry that benefits society." As first stated in the 2004 NNI strategic plan, the participating agencies intend to make progress in realizing that vision by working toward four goals. Planning, coordination, and management of the NNI are carried out by the interagency Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology (NSET) Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) Committee on Technology (CoT) with support from the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (NNCO). Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative is the latest National Research Council review of the NNI, an assessment called for by the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003. The overall objective of the review is to make recommendations to the NSET Subcommittee and the NNCO that will improve the NNI's value for basic and applied research and for development of applications in nanotechnology that will provide economic, societal, and national security benefits to the United States. In its assessment, the committee found it important to understand in some detail-and to describe in its report-the NNI's structure and organization; how the NNI fits within the larger federal research enterprise, as well as how it can and should be organized for management purposes; and the initiative's various stakeholders and their roles with respect to research. Because technology transfer, one of the four NNI goals, is dependent on management and coordination, the committee chose to address the topic of technology transfer last, following its discussion of definitions of success and metrics for assessing progress toward achieving the four goals and management and coordination. Addressing its tasks in this order would, the committee hoped, better reflect the logic of its approach to review of the NNI. Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative also provides concluding remarks in the last chapter.

his easy-to-grasp book introduces nanotechnology, a fast growing field with applications in a large number of areas. Nanotechnology is increasingly present in manufactured products and in daily life objects. It uses less raw materials to provide similar, improved or new functions for materials and systems. It also allows to cut down costs of objects and processes. This introductory book is divided in two parts. One presents the basics of this new field and introduce the physics involved and its consequences. The topics that are addressed are about nanoscience and nanotechnology, quantum effects, nanomaterials and nanostructures, nanofabrication and the new forms of carbon. The second part present some applications in different areas as well as the issue of risks and toxicity of nanomaterials. The different areas of applications are health, food, nanoelectronics and molecular electronics, nanocatalysis, energy (production, housing and transport), defense and security. We also address the issue of risks and toxicity of nanomaterials. This book is not intended to be a comprehensive presentation of nanotechnology but just a flavor of this exciting area that will be more and more important for our future.

Nanotechnology has experienced a rapid growth in the past decade, largely owing to the rapid advances in nanofabrication techniques employed to fabricate nano-devices. Nanofabrication can be divided into two categories: "bottom up" approach using chemical synthesis or self assembly, and "top down" approach using nanolithography, thin film deposition and etching techniques. Both topics are covered, though with a focus on the second category. This book contains twenty nine chapters and aims to provide the fundamentals and recent advances of nanofabrication techniques, as well as its device applications. Most chapters focus on in-depth studies of a particular research field, and are thus targeted for researchers, though some chapters focus on the basics of lithographic techniques accessible for upper year undergraduate students. Divided into five parts, this book covers electron beam, focused ion beam, nanoimprint, deep and extreme UV, X-ray, scanning probe, interference, two-photon, and nanosphere lithography.

Reflecting the breadth of the field from research to manufacturing, Nanoscience and Nanoengineering: Advances and Applications delivers an in-depth survey of emerging, high-impact nanotechnologies. Written by a multidisciplinary team of scientists and engineers and edited by prestigious faculty of the Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering

A comprehensive overview of the unique porous silica structure of diatoms, their mechanism of formation, properties and applications.