Modern defence forces rely mainly on intelligent information systems and high technology armour. This volume reflects the latest trends in military information systems research by bringing together international contributions that span from communications technology, through intelligent agents and large-scale modeling and simulation, to sociotechnical systems. Together, the articles represent a good cross section of contemporary information systems research. The book also shows the wealth of research on advanced information systems and on technologies developed for defence purposes. Some of the chapters may serve as a component of advanced defence training programs. They provide an important overview of crucial research, which has evolved over the last ten years. Contents: Military Information Systems Security: Challenges and Vulnerabilities (M R Frater & M J Ryan); Teaming Human and Machine (P Urlings & L Jain); Computer Generated Forces in Distributed Simulation (M R Stytz & S B Banks); Using Automaton Models to Rapidly Illuminate Tactical Options (M K Lauren & R T Stephen); Multi-User Wireless Link for Real-Time Video Transfer for Defence Applications (W M Daniels et al.); Agents of Change: The Impact of Intelligent Agent Technology on the Analysis of Air Operations (C Heinze et al.); Agent-Enabled Sensor Network for Target Observation (R S Bowyer & R E Bogner); Military Applications of the Disciple Learning Agent (G Tecuci & M Boicu); A Parallel Associative Processing Bayesian Algorithm for IR Dim Point Target Detection (R C Warren); Intelligent Monitoring of Complex Systems (D L Hall). Readership: Academics, researchers, and practising engineers working in defence and on security-related projects.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is on everybody’s minds these days. Most of the world’s leading companies are making massive investments in it. Governments are scrambling to catch up. Every single one of us who uses Google Search or any of the new digital assistants on our smartphones has witnessed first-hand how quickly these developments now go. Many analysts foresee truly disruptive changes in education, employment, health, knowledge generation, mobility, etc. But what will AI mean for defense and security? In a new study HCSS offers a unique perspective on this question. Most studies to date quickly jump from AI to autonomous (mostly weapon) systems. They anticipate future armed forces that mostly resemble today’s armed forces, engaging in fairly similar types of activities with a still primarily industrial-kinetic capability bundle that would increasingly be AI-augmented. The authors of this study argue that AI may have a far more transformational impact on defense and security whereby new incarnations of ‘armed force’ start doing different things in novel ways. The report sketches a much broader option space within which defense and security organizations (DSOs) may wish to invest in successive generations of AI technologies. It suggests that some of the most promising investment opportunities to start generating the sustainable security effects that our polities, societies and economies expect may lie in in the realms of prevention and resilience. Also in those areas any large-scale application of AI will have to result from a preliminary open-minded (on all sides) public debate on its legal, ethical and privacy implications. The authors submit, however, that such a debate would be more fruitful than the current heated discussions about ‘killer drones’ or robots. Finally, the study suggests that the advent of artificial super-intelligence (i.e. AI that is superior across the board to human intelligence), which many experts now put firmly within the longer-term planning horizons of our DSOs, presents us with unprecedented risks but also opportunities that we have to start to explore. The report contains an overview of the role that ‘intelligence’ - the computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world - has played in defense and security throughout human history; a primer on AI (what it is, where it comes from and where it stands today - in both civilian and military contexts); a discussion of the broad option space for DSOs it opens up; 12 illustrative use cases across that option space; and a set of recommendations for - especially - small- and medium sized defense and security organizations.

The impact of information technology in the field of military decision making is superficially less visible than that of a number of other weapon developments, though its importance has grown steadily since the beginning of the 1980s. Owing to its potential role in modern weapon systems and the prospect of its inclusion as an essential ingredient in many military projects such as the Strategic Defence Initiative, it has become the focus of special interest and efforts. This book is the first attempt to present a broad overview of the prospects for information technology in general, and machine intelligence in particular, in the context of international security. The dangers and promises of weapon and arms control applications of computers and artificial intelligence to decision-making processes are analysed in a technical, strategic, and political perspective by experts from six different countries. In an introductory chapter, Allan Din presents a generic overview of artificial intelligence and its prospects. Thirteen contributors then discuss the conceptual and technical framework of artificial intelligence, analyse implications for weapon systems and strategy, and discuss possible applications to arms control verification and modelling.

Progress in artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning, and robotics allow new capabilities that will affect military strategies assertively. The implications of these developments will be felt across the array of military criteria from knowledge, surveillance, and identification to balances of offense and defense, as well as to the nuclear weapons programs themselves. In this suite, five top AI experts and their potential applications within autonomous weapons and monitoring systems are the points of discussions about the moral and realistic challenges of handling the worldwide eruption in military AI research and development. The intention: to maintain fast progress in machine learning from triggering a global arms race in the backdrop of AI poses a new existential threat to humanity. As the US, China, and Russia accelerate its use of artificial intelligence in military contexts, Europe fears falling behind unless the continent's policymakers take measures to combine their initiatives. Future concepts, models, algorithms, data sharing, access to elastic computing power, and sophisticated testing and training are suggested to create a data mobility framework.

An international and interdisciplinary perspective on the adoption and governance of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in defence and military innovation by major and middle powers. Advancements in AI and ML pose pressing questions related to evolving conceptions of military power, compliance with international humanitarian law, peace promotion, strategic stability, arms control, future operational environments, and technology races. To navigate the breadth of this AI and international security agenda, the contributors to this book include experts on AI, technology governance, and defence innovation to assess military AI strategic perspectives from major and middle AI powers alike. These include views of how the United States, China, Japan, South Korea, the European Union, and Russia see AI/ML as a technology with the potential to reshape military affairs and power structures in the broader international system. This diverse set of views aims to help elucidate key similarities and differences between AI powers in the evolving strategic context. A valuable read for scholars of security studies, public policy, and STS studies with an interest in the impacts of AI and ML technologies.

This book presents research papers from diverse areas on novel Intelligent Systems and Interactive Systems and Applications. It gathers selected research papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent and Interactive Systems and Applications (IISA2017), which was held on June 17–18, 2017 in Beijing, China. Interactive Intelligent Systems (IIS) are systems that interact with human beings, media or virtual agents in intelligent computing environments. The emergence of Big Data and the Internet of Things have now opened new opportunities in both academic and industrial research for the successful design and development of intelligent interactive systems. This book explores how novel interactive systems can be used to overcome various challenges and limitations previously encountered by human beings by combining machine learning algorithms and the analysis of recent trends. The book presents 125 contributions, which have been categorized into seven sections, namely: i) Autonomous Systems; ii) Pattern Recognition and Vision Systems; iii) E-Enabled Systems; iv) Mobile Computing and Intelligent Networking; v) Internet and Cloud Computing; vi) Intelligent Systems, and vii) Various Applications. It not only offers readers extensive theoretical information on Intelligent and Interactive Systems, but also introduces them to various applications in different domains.