An estimated 234,000 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed in the United States this year, making it one of the most common cancers affecting American men; however, it can be a controversial disease to diagnose and treat now that there is research abounding for both “watchful waiting and aggressive treatments. Dr. Oh supplies balanced information, with articles on: Prostate Cancer: To Screen or Not To Screen?; High Intensity Focused Ultrasound: Ready for Primetime?; The Case for Open vs. Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy; Primary and Salvage Prostate Cancer Cryotherapy; and The Case for Open vs. Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy, to name a few. The state-of-the art information presented in this issue make is must-have for all urologists.

This issue of Endocrinology Clinics brings the reader up to date on the latest information about hormones and cancer of the breast and prostate. The first section focuses on the breast, and topics covered include the following. The role of sex steroids and their receptors in normal breast development; estrogen carcinogenesis in breast cancer; hormonal mechanisms underlying the relationship between obesity and breast cancer; postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and the risk of breast cancer; aromatase inhibitors, anti-estrogen and SERMS in the treatment of breast cancer; and androgens in breast cancer in men and women. The second section is devoted to the prostate, and topics covered include the following. Overview of prostate anatomy, histology, and pathology; the critical role of sex steroids in normal prostate development; estrogens and androgens in prostate cancer development and the rationale for hormonal chemopreventive therapies; weighing the clinical evidence regarding the timing and extent of androgen ablative therapy for prostate cancer treatment; new hormonal therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer; and the management of the side effects of castration therapy.

PSA screening remains highly controversial due to several important disadvantages. More PSA is produced with prostatic enlargement and in other benign conditions such as urinary tract infections. False positive tests can then lead to unnecessary diagnostic workup with invasive prostate biopsy. Another major problem with screening programs in general is overdiagnosis of cancers that would not have caused harm during the patient's lifetime. For example, many prostate cancers have a relatively indolent behavior so may not require diagnosis or treatment in a patient with limited life expectancy. All forms of prostate cancer treatment have potential urinary and sexual side effects, so reducing overdiagnosis and overtreatment are critical public health issues. Because screening has many proven benefits but also significant harms, there are widely disparate guidelines on prostate cancer screening from major organizations worldwide. This issue of the Urologic Clinics will provide insights into the many different prostate cancer guidelines and related policy issues.

This interdisciplinary approach is reflected in the broad scope of this volume, which aims to provide an overview of current treatment strategies for bladder and prostate cancer. The first part of the book discusses the optimization of radiation techniques like 3D planning or IMRT and focuses on definitive radiotherapy with or without adjuvant or neoadjuvant hormonal manipulation. The quality of life after therapy is another important issue. Further chapters deal with radical cystectomy and organ preservation by radio-chemotherapy as well as the treatment of T1G3 cancer. In the last part, the emphasis lies on brachytherapy, which has become increasingly important for the treatment of prostate cancer. This book will be of great value to urologists and radiation oncologists as well as to all others involved in the care of patients with urologic cancer.

This volume of the Urologic Clinics covers the indications, controversies, and complications of Lymphadenectomy in Urologic Oncology. Cancer of the prostate, bladder, testicles, and kidney are covered, along with new imaging modalities and complications of open and minimally invasive lymphadenectomy.

In this issue of Urologic Clinics of North America, guest editor Dr. Kevin R. Loughlin brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Testosterone. With about 2 out of 10 men older than 60 years having low testosterone (American Urological Association), coupled with an aging population, this issue is an important resource for all urologists for effectively treating men and improving outcomes. It provides a current update on testosterone in men from top experts in the field, covering prostate cancer treatment, the use of anabolic steroids, hypogonadism, testosterone replacement, and more. - Contains 15 practice-oriented topics including current management and controversies surrounding andropause; testosterone and male sexual function; the interplay of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in prostate cancer; and more. - Provides in-depth clinical reviews on testosterone, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic urologic surgery is a major evolution in the field and has now become a major subspecialty. This issue of Urologic Clinics of North America aims to provide comprehensive, state-of-the-art information about the recent developments in the areas of Uro-Oncology, Reconstructive Urology, and Female Urology. Topics such as issue of training, evidence-based practice, the economics of robotic surgery, and the impact on public and global health are also covered.The contributors are truly pioneers and the best experts in the field.