The book is designed to provide step- by step approach to all techniques currently used in medical laboratories. This book contains useful information and detailed protocol related to Clinical Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology and Serology, Clinical Pathology, Hematology and Molecular Biology. All methods are explained with easy readability, each chapter written in simple language and practical based. It is intended to benefit the Undergraduate, Postgraduate, Medical Laboratory Technologist, MBBS, Medical Biochemistry students of Medical, Pharmacy, Physiotherapy, Nursing, Medical Laboratory Sciences and other allied courses. This book will be helpful to the students, teachers and also useful to the paper setters in setting question papers. The author has done rigorous work for explaining different advanced techniques in medical laboratory sciences.

Clinical laboratory tests play an integral role in helping physicians diagnose and treat patients. New developments in laboratory technology offer the prospect of improvements in diagnosis and care, but will place an increased burden on the payment system. Medicare, the federal program providing coverage of health-care services for the elderly and disabled, is the largest payer of clinical laboratory services. Originally designed in the early 1980s, Medicare's payment policy methodology for outpatient laboratory services has not evolved to take into account technology, market, and regulatory changes, and is now outdated. This report examines the current Medicare payment methodology for outpatient clinical laboratory services in the context of environmental and technological trends, evaluates payment policy alternatives, and makes recommendations to improve the system.

To interpret the laboratory results. To distinguish the normal from the abnormal and to understand the merits and demerits of the assays under study. The book attempts to train a laboratory medicine student to achievesound knowledge of analytical methods and quality control practices, tointerpret the laboratory results, to distinguish the normal from the abnormaland to understand the merits and demerits of the assays under study.

Petroleum refining involves refining crude petroleum as well as producing raw materials for the petrochemical industry. This book covers current refinery processes and process-types that are likely to come on-stream during the next three to five decades. The book includes (1) comparisons of conventional feedstocks with heavy oil, tar sand bitumen, and bio-feedstocks; (2) properties and refinability of the various feedstocks; (3) thermal processes versus hydroprocesses; and (4) the influence of refining on the environment.