This Ada 95 Reference Manual is essentially identical to the new International Standard ISO/IEC 8652:1995(E) for the Ada programming language. The thorough technical revisions and extensions documented in this manual are built on broad participation from the international Ada community and generous support by leading institutions. Over 750 submitted revision requests were evaluated, and the resulting enhancements make Ada 95 an outstanding language. The flexibility of languages such as C++, modern features such as object orientation, and improved interfacing capabilities have been added to the reliable software engineering capabilities provided and proven for over a decade by the predecessor version Ada 83; furthermore, upward compatibility from Ada 83 to Ada 95 has been achieved.

Ada 95 is the first fully object-oriented programming language to be internationally standardized. John Barnes was a key member of the language's design team, and this is a new edition of his definitive text and reference for the Ada 95 language.

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical 1 Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. 2 In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO/IEC 8652 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, 3 Information Technology. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8652:1987), of which it constitutes a 4 technical revision. Annexes A to J form an integral part of this International Standard. Annexes K to P are for information 5 only. xi 15 June 2001 Foreword ISO/IEC 8652:1995(E) with COR.1:2000 — Ada Reference Manual Introduction 1 This is the Ada Reference Manual.

This Ada 95 Reference Manual is essentially identical to the new International Standard ISO/IEC 8652:1995(E) for the Ada programming language. The thorough technical revisions and extensions documented in this manual are built on broad participation from the international Ada community and generous support by leading institutions. Over 750 submitted revision requests were evaluated, and the resulting enhancements make Ada 95 an outstanding language. The flexibility of languages such as C++, modern features such as object orientation, and improved interfacing capabilities have been added to the reliable software engineering capabilities provided and proven for over a decade by the predecessor version Ada 83; furthermore, upward compatibility from Ada 83 to Ada 95 has been achieved.

A major feature of the Ada programming language is the facilities it provides for concurrent programming. Alan Burns and Andy Wellings provide here a thorough and self-contained account of concurrent programming in Ada, and so show users, even beginners, how to harness the full power of the whole language. After giving an overview of the non-concurrent features of Ada, the authors proceed to examine in detail the uses of concurrent programming and the inherent difficulties in providing inter-process communication. The Ada tasking model is then introduced; the way it deals with these and related matters is explained in a number of separate chapters, covering system programming, real-time issues, distribution, object-oriented programming and re-use. This is the first book which deals with concurrent features in the new Ada standard, and it offers practical advice to the programmer needing to use it for embedded systems, while those interested more broadly in the development of programming languages will find many otherwise inaccessible issues probed in depth. It will thus be of value to professional software engineers and advanced students of programming alike; indeed, every Ada programmer will find it essential reading and a primary reference work. For the paperback edition the authors have made revisions throughout the text, updating and correcting where appropriate.