Accounting History and the Rise of Civilization, Volume II

Accounting History and the Rise of Civilization, Volume II
Title Accounting History and the Rise of Civilization, Volume II PDF eBook
Author Gary Giroux
Publisher Business Expert Press
Pages 274
Release 2017-04-28
Genre Business & Economics
ISBN 1631577948

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Accounting history continues in Volume 2 with six chapters, four supplements, plus conclusions. Chapters 1 to 3 of the second volume cover specialty topics, specifically auditing, taxes, and government accounting. Chapters 4 to 6 march along from the New Deal to beyond the mortgage meltdown and Great Recession. Supplements include audit opinions (the audit reports written for the annual financial audits), the scandals and corruption associated with accounting fraud, the formal standard setting process creating generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and finally computer technology, a key component of the accounting profession—and civilization. The concept of accounting as a profession developed by the 19th century, as accounting-related services (bankruptcy, taxes, and auditing) became important enough to hire experts and separate businesses to support these functions. Soon, licensing was required. Auditing and tax proved to be major money-makers for accountants. Accounting firms became mammoth and global (especially the Big 4) providing audit, tax and consulting services to giant multinational corporations as well as smaller business, governments, nonprofits organizations, and individuals. The rest of the book covers accounting since the early 20th century, when accounting became increasingly sophisticated and important to the commercial and political worlds. The 1920 reverted to “free markets,” financial market manipulation and speculation, fueled by abundant credit precipitating a boom; then the Great Depression, followed by FDR’s New Deal. Chapter 5 covers most of the post-World War II period. Chapter 6 covers the bubbles and busts of the late-20th century and beyond, with particular attention to Enron. Conclusions summarize the last 10,000 years of accounting, its overall impact on civilization, and predictions for the future.

Accounting History and the Rise of Civilization, Volume I

Accounting History and the Rise of Civilization, Volume I
Title Accounting History and the Rise of Civilization, Volume I PDF eBook
Author Gary Giroux
Publisher Business Expert Press
Pages 191
Release 2017-04-26
Genre Business & Economics
ISBN 1631574248

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Volume 1 of Accounting History covers the first 10,000 plus years of the rise of accounting and civilization. Conveniently, accounting was part of the developing culture from the start. With fortified villages, accumulating wealth meant inventory accounting, first using tokens (clay balls) and eventually writing plus the abstract concepts of numbers. Cultures evolved in Mesopotamia and elsewhere. After the Crusades, Italian city-states created merchant wealth based on the creation of double-entry. Luca Pacioli’s Summa described the Venetian system, which traveled north thanks to Gutenberg’s printing press. Enhanced forms of manufacturing, banking, and merchant trade continued. England proved to be a special place, where the Industrial Revolution was born. Along the way, accounting sophistication rose as entrepreneurs discovered the need for complex information to survive. Accounting became a profession as business became big and important enough to employ professionals. The United States went from an agrarian backwater to an industrial power in 100 years. Accounting sophistication matched business complexity, as manufacturing accounting and control techniques developed capable of providing information needed to run giant firms. Railroads became big, requiring complex accounting system. Andrew Carnegie used his railroad experience to adapt the railroad accounting systems to steel manufacturing. Industries consolidated and the need for effective accounting control became imperative. Du Pont proved to be the most effective innovator and this knowledge expanded at General Motors, systems that dominated beyond the mid-20th century. Accounting History is written for accounting and business students plus business professionals. It’s not written for accounting historians, although they may find this book useful. The writing is basic without much jargon, so the general public will also find this book insightful.

When Numbers Don’t Add Up

When Numbers Don’t Add Up
Title When Numbers Don’t Add Up PDF eBook
Author Faisal Sheikh
Publisher Business Expert Press
Pages 94
Release 2020-12-02
Genre Business & Economics
ISBN 194858090X

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The author contextualized the phenomenon of accounting fraud using a framework he developed called “Corporate Governance Cosmos.” The book contains an extensive literature review including an evaluation of the seminal theory in this area, namely, the Fraud Triangle. There is a comprehensive exploration of the motivations for accounting fraud and a growing realization that Dark Triad (psychopathy, narcissism, and machiavellianism) tendencies may explain why executives engage in accounting fraud. The author expands an established framework entitled Cooks Recipes Incentives Monitoring End results (C R I M E) by Rezaee (2005), to ‘’C R I M E L’’, where L is the “Learning” from 33 international case studies of accounting fraud. Accountants, auditors, antifraud practitioners, and graduate students will find the case studies of accounting fraud particularly useful as it makes the phenomenon tangible and more understandable. The penultimate chapter is a study of the likely impact of financial technology on accounting fraud. The author concludes by marshalling various insights including a brief discussion of ethics, forwarding his International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (IFAC) ‘‘Ethical Triangle’’, his vision for the future accountant, which he refers to as ‘’accounting engineers’’, and an ancient prescription for the curse of accounting fraud.

Using Accounting & Financial Information

Using Accounting & Financial Information
Title Using Accounting & Financial Information PDF eBook
Author Mark S. Bettner
Publisher Business Expert Press
Pages 195
Release 2018-04-16
Genre Business & Economics
ISBN 1947098691

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Accounting is often referred to as the language of business. Unfortunately, many business professionals lack the required fluency in this unique language to perform basic financial analysis, prepare budgetary forecasts, or to compare competing capital investment alternatives. This book targets individuals with limited exposure to—or formal training in—accounting and related finance disciplines. These individuals include—but certainly are not limited to—engineers, information technology specialists, retail managers, entrepreneurs, marketing directors, construction contractors, attorneys, and bankers who are making career transitions from consumer lending positions to become commercial loan officers. The primary purpose of this book is to help managers and business owners from diverse professional and educational backgrounds to (1) converse more effectively with their accounting and finance colleagues; (2) understand the structure and the elements of general purpose financial statements; (3) identify both the usefulness and the limitations of accounting information; (4) prepare budgets and financial forecasts; and (5) make sense of commonly used decision-making models.

Pick a Number, Second Edition

Pick a Number, Second Edition
Title Pick a Number, Second Edition PDF eBook
Author Roger Hussey
Publisher Business Expert Press
Pages 148
Release 2018-04-30
Genre Business & Economics
ISBN 1947098942

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The first edition of this book explained the efforts of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to develop accounting regulations to be used worldwide. In 2002, progress was accelerated by the decision of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the United States to converge their regulations with international standards. This second edition describes the successes and failures of the convergence project. The U.S. involvement brought about many changes in corporate financial reporting, but there were differences in opinions on specific issues. This resulted in the FASB, US focusing on its own regulations. We explain the main convergence achievements and also the differences leading to the end of the project. Our analysis reviews new developments in corporate reporting, including the issues of sustainability, governance, and integrated reporting.

Corporate Governance in the Aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis, Volume III

Corporate Governance in the Aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis, Volume III
Title Corporate Governance in the Aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis, Volume III PDF eBook
Author Zabihollah Rezaee
Publisher Business Expert Press
Pages 116
Release 2018-04-04
Genre Business & Economics
ISBN 1947843737

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Corporate governance has evolved as a central issue for public companies in the aftermath of the 2007–2009 global financial crisis. Corporate governance is a process (journey) of managing corporate affairs to create shareholder value and protect interests of other stakeholders. This book presents a road map for various functions and measures of corporate governance. The participants in the corporate governance process are the board of directors, executives, stakeholders, internal and external auditors, financial analysts, legal counsel, and regulators. This book is organized into four separate volumes; each volume can be utilized separately or in an integrated form. The first volume consists of five chapters that address the relevance and importance of corporate governance as well as the framework and structure of corporate governance. The second volume consists of four chapters that present the three prevailing corporate governance functions of oversight, management, and monitoring. The third volume consists of four chapters that address corporate governance functions performed by corporate gatekeepers, including policy makers, regulators, standard-setters, internal auditors, external auditors, legal counsel, and financial advisors. The fourth volume consists of five chapters that address the emerging issues in corporate governance, including governance for private companies and nonprofit organizations and convergence in global corporate governance.

Corporate Governance in the Aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis, Volume IV

Corporate Governance in the Aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis, Volume IV
Title Corporate Governance in the Aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis, Volume IV PDF eBook
Author Zabihollah Rezaee
Publisher Business Expert Press
Pages 133
Release 2018-04-04
Genre Business & Economics
ISBN 1947843753

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Corporate governance has evolved as a central issue for public companies in the aftermath of the 2007–2009 global financial crisis. Corporate governance is a process (journey) of managing corporate affairs to create shareholder value and protect interests of other stakeholders. This book presents a road map for various functions and measures of corporate governance. The participants in the corporate governance process are the board of directors, executives, stakeholders, internal and external auditors, financial analysts, legal counsel, and regulators. This book is organized into four separate volumes; each volume can be utilized separately or in an integrated form. The first volume consists of five chapters that address the relevance and importance of corporate governance as well as the framework and structure of corporate governance. The second volume consists of four chapters that present the three prevailing corporate governance functions of oversight, management, and monitoring. The third volume consists of four chapters that address corporate governance functions performed by corporate gatekeepers, including policy makers, regulators, standard-setters, internal auditors, external auditors, legal counsel, and financial advisors. The fourth volume consists of five chapters that address the emerging issues in corporate governance, including governance for private companies and nonprofit organizations and convergence in global corporate governance.