This book explores accounting for biological assets under IAS 41 – Agriculture, and explains the recent adjustments introduced by the IASB which allow firms to choose between cost or revaluation models concerning mature bearer plants. Identifying the firm and country-level drivers that inform the disclosure and measurement practices of biological assets, this concise guide examines the value relevance of measuring those assets at fair value. It also analyses how firm and country-level drivers explain the differences in the disclosure level and practices used to measure biological assets under IAS 41. Finally, it evaluates whether there is a difference in the relevance of biological assets among the listed firms with high and low disclosure levels on biological assets. Based on a major international study of a wide selection of firms and country-level drivers, this book is vital for standard setters, stakeholders, students, accountants and auditors who need to understand disclosure and measurement practices of biological assets under IAS 41.

Recent Developments in Vietnamese Business and Finance, is the first volume in the series titled Vietnam and the Global Economy. This edited volume is a collection of papers presented at the International Conference on Business and Finance (ICBF) 2019, organized by the Institute of Business Research (IBR), University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and focuses on recent issues in business and finance with Vietnam as the main focus of study. The book covers various issues from innovation to gender equality and the banking sector, with analyses on the policies and managerial implications.

A succinct, yet highly informative guide to IPSAS and their application IPSAS Explained provides a concise summary of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards for practitioners needing to maintain compliance with ever-changing practices. Comprehensively updated to align with newly-accepted standards in key subject areas and including the latest iteration of the framework and improvement projects, this guide distills each standard into a useful and accessible format. Coverage of each IPSAS includes a brief overview of the basic principles behind it, as well as charts, graphs and tables that provide information at a glance. Updated material includes discussion of the new IPSASB governance structure, including the Public Interest Committee and Consultative Advisory Group, as well as information on the current Exposure Drafts and the changes forthcoming from the Improvements Project. New sections on First-Time Adoption of Accrual Basis IPSAS, new consolidation standards and Service Performance Reporting bring practitioners completely up to date to help ensure full compliance. Locate relevant IPSAS quickly and easily Get up to date on newly adopted standards Deepen conceptual understanding with graphical representations Understand the operations of the IPSASB, as well as new and ongoing projects The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board is engaged in the ongoing process of bringing public sector accounting in line with the IPSAS, which largely align with the IFRS model: where an IFRS exists, it is either adopted directly or adjusted to be suitable for the public sector; where no relevant IFRS exists, the IPSASB issues an IPSAS. IPSAS Explained condenses and clarifies each IPSAS, providing context, background and practical guidance to help practitioners find the answers they need to comply.

This book provides an overview of earnings quality (EQ) in the context of financial reporting and offers suggestions for defining and measuring it. Although EQ has received increasing attention from investors, creditors, regulators, and researchers in different areas, there are various definitions of it and different approaches for its measurement. The book describes the relationship between EQ and earnings management (EM) since they can be considered related challenges, especially in the context of international financial reporting standards (IAS/IFRSs). EM occurs when managers make discretionary accounting choices that are regarded as either an efficient communication of private information to improve the informativeness of a firm’s current and future performance, or a distorting disclosure to mislead the firm’s true performance. The intentional manipulation of earnings by managers, within the limits allowed by the accounting standards, may alter the usefulness of financial reporting and lead to lower quality of earnings. The use of fair value in financial reporting has created a current debate about the impact it might have on EQ. At times, the high subjectivity in estimating fair value can allow opportunities for the exercise of management judgments and intentional bias, which can reduce the quality of financial reporting. Management discretion can result in high EM and hence in a reduction of EQ. Particularly during difficult financial periods, managers engage in EM to mask the negative effects of the turmoil, and in such circumstances accruals and earnings smoothing are attempts to reduce abnormal variations of earnings in such circumstances. This book is a valuable resource for those interested in wider perspectives on EQ and it adds to the research studies on this topic in the context of financial reporting.