Lecturers and researchers in the areas of industrial engineering, quality management and business development, and middle and higher management in business or technology- oriented positions, will find this book invaluable.

This book presents the emerging paradigm and methodology, Open Innovation 2.0 (OI2), which aims to help drive significant structural changes and benefits through digital innovation to society and industry. It highlights how new services and markets can be co-created in open ecosystems and how this leads to a transformation from win-lose to win-win situations for all stakeholders. Organized around a number of core patterns of OI2, such as shared purpose, partnering and platforms, this book leverages more than five years of research by the EU Open Innovation Strategy Policy group. Popularized in the early 2000s, open innovation is a systematic process by which ideas can pass among organizations and travel on different exploitation vectors for value creation. With the simultaneous arrival of multiple digital disruptive technologies and rapid evolution of the discipline of innovation, it became apparent that an entirely new approach to innovation was needed that incorporated technological, societal and policy dimensions. Unlike other innovation methodologies, OI2 is an innovation paradigm and methodology with a purpose: to seek and deliver innovations that move us collectively on to a trajectory towards sustainable intelligent living. OI2 is a paradigm advocating for disruptions, seeking the unexpected and providing support for rapid scale-up of successes. As a method, it provides a safety net for both innovations and innovators, inspiring innovators to have the confidence and courage to innovate. Featuring case studies from domains such as energy, telecommunications, transportation, and finance and from companies including Intel, Lego, Alcatel Lucent and Alstom, this book is useful to industry executives, policy makers, academics, and students of innovation and innovation management.

Historical scholarship is currently undergoing a digital turn. All historians have experienced this change in one way or another, by writing on word processors, applying quantitative methods on digitalized source materials, or using internet resources and digital tools. Digital Histories showcases this emerging wave of digital history research. It presents work by historians who – on their own or through collaborations with e.g. information technology specialists – have uncovered new, empirical historical knowledge through digital and computational methods. The topics of the volume range from the medieval period to the present day, including various parts of Europe. The chapters apply an exemplary array of methods, such as digital metadata analysis, machine learning, network analysis, topic modelling, named entity recognition, collocation analysis, critical search, and text and data mining. The volume argues that digital history is entering a mature phase, digital history ‘in action’, where its focus is shifting from the building of resources towards the making of new historical knowledge. This also involves novel challenges that digital methods pose to historical research, including awareness of the pitfalls and limitations of the digital tools and the necessity of new forms of digital source criticisms. Through its combination of empirical, conceptual and contextual studies, Digital Histories is a timely and pioneering contribution taking stock of how digital research currently advances historical scholarship.

This book presents the new development of computation intelligence for traffic, transportation and mobility, the main contents include traffic safety, mobility analysis, intelligent transportation system, smart vehicle, transportation behavior, driver modeling and assistance, transportation risk analysis and reliability system analysis, vehicle operation and active safety, urban traffic management and planning.

This book results from a Special Issue related to the latest progress in the thermodynamics of machines systems and processes since the premonitory work of Carnot. Carnot invented his famous cycle and generalized the efficiency concept for thermo-mechanical engines. Since that time, research progressed from the equilibrium approach to the irreversible situation that represents the general case. This book illustrates the present state-of-the-art advances after one or two centuries of consideration regarding applications and fundamental aspects. The research is moving fast in the direction of economic and environmental aspects. This will probably continue during the coming years. This book mainly highlights the recent focus on the maximum power of engines, as well as the corresponding first law efficiency upper bounds.