This history by celebrated Africanist David Birmingham begins in 1820 with the Portuguese attempt to create a third, African, empire after the virtual loss of Asia and America. In the nineteenth century the most valuable resource extracted from Angola was agricultural labor, first as privately owned slaves and later as conscript workers. The colony was managed by a few marine officers, by several hundred white political convicts, and by a couple of thousand black Angolans who had adopted Portuguese language and culture. The hub was the harbor city of Luanda which grew in the twentieth century to be a dynamic metropolis of several million people. The export of labor was gradually replaced when an agrarian revolution enabled white Portuguese immigrants to drive black Angolan laborers to produce sugar cane, cotton, maize and above all coffee. During the twentieth century Congo copper supplemented this wealth, by gem-quality diamonds, and by offshore oil. Although much of the countryside retained its dollar-a-day peasant economy, new wealth generated conflict which pitted white against black, north against south, coast against highland, American allies against Russian allies. The generation of warfare finally ended in 2002 when national reconstruction could begin on Portuguese colonial foundations.

This history by celebrated Africanist David Birmingham begins in 1820 with the Portuguese attempt to create a third, African, empire after the virtual loss of Asia and America. In the nineteenth century the most valuable resource extracted from Angola was agricultural labor, first as privately owned slaves and later as conscript workers. The colony was managed by a few marine officers, by several hundred white political convicts, and by a couple of thousand black Angolans who had adopted Portuguese language and culture. The hub was the harbor city of Luanda which grew in the twentieth century to be a dynamic metropolis of several million people. The export of labor was gradually replaced when an agrarian revolution enabled white Portuguese immigrants to drive black Angolan laborers to produce sugar cane, cotton, maize and above all coffee. During the twentieth century Congo copper supplemented this wealth, by gem-quality diamonds, and by offshore oil. Although much of the countryside retained its dollar-a-day peasant economy, new wealth generated conflict which pitted white against black, north against south, coast against highland, American allies against Russian allies. The generation of warfare finally ended in 2002 when national reconstruction could begin on Portuguese colonial foundations.

Multiparty elections in 2008 will, it is hoped, cement a transition towards peaceful stability in Angola, which has suffered from over forty years of violent civil war. This book looks at Angola's difficult past and then discuss its move away from hegemonic domination towards a multiparty political system and a civil society.

Draws on the full range of literature about Africa as well as evidence provided by archaeology, oral traditions, language relationships and social institutions. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

This study is the first comprehensive assessment of warfare in Angola to cover all three phases of the nation's modern history: the anti-colonial struggle, the Cold War phase, and the post-Cold War era. It also covers, in detail, the final phase of warfare in Angola, culminating in Jonas Savimbi's death and the signing of the Luena Accord

After graduating from Oxford in 2002 with a degree in Classics Daniel Metcalf spent a year in Tehran, where he worked on the Tehran Times and prepared for a five month journey in Central Asia. Having focused most of his travels in Asia, Scandinavia, and the former Soviet Union, he spent much of last summer in Angola.

Discover the captivating history and vibrant culture of Angola in this amazing text-only book. "The History of Angola" takes you on an immersive exploration of a nation filled with resilience, diversity, and enduring spirit. From ancient origins to modern-day evolution, this book offers a comprehensive narrative that unveils the intricate tapestry of Angola's past. Journey through the annals of time as you encounter the early inhabitants, the rise and fall of kingdoms, the arrival of Portuguese explorers, and the profound impact of the transatlantic slave trade. Witness pivotal moments in Angola's history, including the struggles for independence, the civil war, and the birth of the modern nation. Immerse yourself in the rich flavors of Angolan cuisine, and explore the nation's remarkable wildlife and biodiversity. Discover the historical significance of cities like Luanda and Benguela, and rediscover ancient roots in Mbanza Kongo. Dive into the unique culture of the Himba people in Cunene and explore must-visit cultural sites that showcase Angola's cultural treasures and natural wonders. This text-only book offers a deep and informative journey through Angola's past and present. It's an invitation to delve into a world of historical depth, cultural richness, and natural beauty, all within the confines of text that allows your imagination to paint the vivid pictures. If you're a history enthusiast, a traveler at heart, or simply someone eager to learn about the diverse cultures of the world, "The History of Angola" is the perfect addition to your reading collection. Join us on this literary voyage and uncover the untold stories of Angola that have shaped its remarkable identity. Buy your copy today and embark on an unforgettable journey through the heart of Africa.