The 1993 regulation (Part 503 Rule) governing the land application of biosolids was established to protect public health and the environment from reasonably anticipated adverse effects. Included in the regulation are chemical pollutant limits, operational standards designed to reduce pathogens and the attraction of disease vectors, and management practices. This report from the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology evaluates the technical methods and approaches used by EPA to establish those standards and practices, focusing specifically on human health protection. The report examines improvements in risk-assessment practices and advances in the scientific database since promulgation of the regulation, and makes recommendations for addressing public health concerns, uncertainties, and data gaps about the technical basis of the biosolids standards.

Designed to assist facility managers, state & tribal environmental managers, & the public to evaluate & choose protective practices for managing industrial waste in new landfills, waste piles, surface impoundments, & land application units. Identifies the components of a sound waste management system & the reasons why each is important. Also includes groundwater & air models, as well as other tools to help tailor waste management practices to a particular facility. This guidance reflects 4 underlying principles: protect human health & the environment; tailor management practices to risks; affirm state & tribal leadership; & foster a partnership.