This document has been prepared by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in accordance with a request from CITES (CoP Decision 17.191 on Precious corals, for consideration at the 30th meeting of the Animals Committee). The report concerns precious (red, pink, white and black) coral species within the hexacoral order Antipatharia, and the octocoral family Coralliidae. According to the requirements of CITES Decision 17.191, the study considers all available data and information on the biology, population status, use and trade in each species, including the identification of gaps in such data and information. It contains information on the management and harvest regulation schemes for these coral species, with the aim of considering the effectiveness of their management and conservation. The report intends to inform the CITES parties of the status of the management and trade of precious corals, in order to provide guidance on the actions needed to enhance the conservation and sustainable use of precious corals.

Drawing on diverse perspectives, this collection of 12 essays and around 150 colour illustrations explores the history and mysteries of the “Coral Road” from the Mediterranean to Japan. From Italy, with its ancient traditions of deep-sea coral fishery, production and trade, the reader is transported to Tibet and India, where coral has long been revered as a Buddhist treasure and amulet. The focus then moves to Japan, with the book highlighting the vivid red coral “tree” of folklore and festivals and the lavish use of the exotic gemstone in the magnificent accessories and craftwork of the Edo Period (1603–1868), before tracing the history of Japanese coral fishery, trade and production in modern times. Inspired by an urgently perceived need to preserve the legacy of precious coral for future generations, this retrospective, yet forward-looking, book will appeal to a wide readership, from marine ecologists to economic, social, cultural and religious historians, as well as scholars of fashion and design.