Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is to provide a lexical analysis of certain constructions that license unbounded dependencies in Korean. The term 'unbounded dependency' refers to the long-distance relationship holding between a gap and its coreferential element. We investigate four types of unbounded dependency constructions (UDCs): topic constructions, tough predicate constructions, double nominative constructions, and relative clause constructions. Over the last few decades, various syntactic approaches have been taken in order to explain the formation of these UDCs. In particular, grammarians in GB theory claim that UDCs involve movement processes language universally. However, as pointed out in previous literature, movement-based accounts for Korean UDCs are problematic because island constraints and bouding conditions for movement are frequently violated. As an alternative, some analyses propose that UDC gaps are not traces but null resumptive pronouns, pro s that involve semantic binding relations. In this dissertation, we argue that UDC gaps in Korean are traces that need to be handled at the level of syntax. We support our argument by showing how UDC gaps have unique properties. We discuss their semantic interpretations and strong crossover and coordination facts. In addition, we analyze overt pronouns and the reflexive 'caki' as sort of audible traces when they occur in a gap position in a UDC. We argue for three different kinds of UDC gaps in Korean: traces, resumptive pronouns, and resumptive reflexive 'caki'. In non-UDCs, these correspond respectively to pro, overt pronouns, and the long-distance reflexive 'caki'. Because these corresponding forms have the same semantic and pragmatic properties, UDC traces do form separate categories from their corresponding non-UDC forms. Without assuming any extra mechanism, we provide a simple UDC analysis using the nonlocal SLASH feature proposed by Pollard and Sag (1994). In HPSG, this SLASH feature can encompass the different lexical properties of traces, pronouns, and reflexive pronouns. Our theory investigates four kinds of Korean UDCs and provides lexical constraints and structural representations for each type. This study touches on various issues, including filler-gap dependencies, argument realization, morphosyntactic combinations, and multi-level interfaces (syntax-semantic-pragmatics), which are crucial parts of a speaker's unconscious knowledge of linguistics.

This book is an investigation into the grammar of Mehweb (Dargwa, East Caucasian also known as Nakh-Daghestanian) based on several years of team fieldwork. Mehweb is spoken in one village community in Daghestan, Russia, with a population of some 800 people, In many ways, Mehweb is a typical East Caucasian language: it has a rich inventory of consonants; an extensive system of spatial forms in nouns and converbs and volitional forms in verbs; pervasive gender-number agreement; and ergative alignment in case marking and in gender agreement. It is also a typical language of the Dargwa branch, with symmetrical verb inflection in the imperfective and perfective paradigm and extensive use of spatial encoding for experiencers. Although Mehweb is clearly close to the northern varieties of Dargwa, it has been long isolated from the main body of Dargwa varieties by speakers of Avar and Lak. As a result of both independent internal evolution and contact with its neighbours, Mehweb developed some deviant properties, including accusatively aligned egophoric agreement, a split in the feminine class, and the typologically rare grammatical categories of verificative and apprehensive. But most importantly, Mehweb is where our friends live.

The papers collected in this book cover contemporary and original research on semantic and grammatical issues of nouns and noun phrases, verbs and sentences, and aspects of the combination of nouns and verbs, in a great variety of languages. A special focus is put on noun types, tense and aspect semantics, granularity of verb meaning, and subcompositionality. The investigated languages and language groups include Austronesian, East Asian, Slavic, German, English, Hungarian and Lakhota. The collection provided in this book will be of interest to researchers and advanced students specialising in the fields of semantics, morphology, syntax, typology, and cognitive sciences.

Proceedings of the annual meeting of the Society in v. 1-11, 1925-34. After 1934 they appear in Its Bulletin.

Explores the Korean language from both a syntactic and semantic perspective, combining mainstream ideas from minimalist syntax and formal semantics.