What circumstances or behaviors turn poverty into a cycle that perpetuates across generations? The answer to this question carries especially important implications for the design and evaluation of policies and projects intended to reduce poverty. Yet a major challenge analysts and policymakers face in understanding poverty traps is the sheer number of mechanisms—not just financial, but also environmental, physical, and psychological—that may contribute to the persistence of poverty all over the world. The research in this volume explores the hypothesis that poverty is self-reinforcing because the equilibrium behaviors of the poor perpetuate low standards of living. Contributions explore the dynamic, complex processes by which households accumulate assets and increase their productivity and earnings potential, as well as the conditions under which some individuals, groups, and economies struggle to escape poverty. Investigating the full range of phenomena that combine to generate poverty traps—gleaned from behavioral, health, and resource economics as well as the sociology, psychology, and environmental literatures—chapters in this volume also present new evidence that highlights both the insights and the limits of a poverty trap lens. The framework introduced in this volume provides a robust platform for studying well-being dynamics in developing economies.

The development of Human Resource has assumed importance particularly after the government's focus on HRD, introduction of liberalized economy and globalisation of world trade. This has led to world trade competition. For this purpose, every corporate entity sought ISO certification, which enjoins on the industry to impart regular training to its workforce. Thus training has taken centerstage. HR is now considered as human capital and much importance is given to the development and training of this unique resource. The one area in HR that found global visibility is training. Training has a direct relationship to HR's concern about human capital development and globalisation of workforce. People want to study at their own pace and time. The exciting development area is therefore e-learning. Keeping the above developments in view, it is imperative that business organisations should develop their own internal resources for training and development of their workforce. While giving stress on management development, most organizations ignore development and training of operatives who constitute the bulwark of their human capital. This aspect has been suitably taken care of in this book. This comprehensive book covers all aspects of training and development starting from conceptual inputs to management of training environment, instructor's competencies, transfer of learning, IT based training, to mention a few should be presented to line managers. The book is divided into four parts - Training and Development, Training Delivery, Evaluation of Training, and the last part containing eleven Appendices relating to the Text.Attempt has been made to present the subject in a succinct and lucid manner, bringing the latest on the subject. The text focuses not only on the traditional training methods, but also on the importance of development dimensions. This comprehensive compendium on training and development, sprinkled with copious examples, will be useful for the budding trainers, HR practitioners and academicians alike.

At a time when governments and policy-makers put so much emphasis on 'the knowledge economy' and the economic value of education, human capital theory has never been more important. However, research in this area is often very technical and therefore not easily accessible to those who wish to use it as a guide to policy formation. This book provides an interface between such research and its potential applications in government, education and business. Reporting on a major research initiative, new findings are presented in a non-technical way on three major themes: measuring the benefits from human capital, applications of the human capital model, and policy interventions. Aimed at academic researchers and professionals concerned with the problems and techniques of human capital theory, it will also be useful for graduate courses on the economics of education to complement standard textbooks.

Condensed into a detailed analysis and a selection of continent-wide datasets, this revised edition of World Population & Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century addresses the role of educational attainment in global population trends and models. Presenting the full chapter text of the original edition alongside a concise selection of data, it summarizes past trends in fertility, mortality, migration, and education, and examines relevant theories to identify key determining factors. Deriving from a global survey of hundreds of experts and five expert meetings on as many continents, World Population & Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century: An Overview emphasizes alternative trends in human capital, new ways of studying ageing and the quantification of alternative population, and education pathways in the context of global sustainable development. It is an ideal companion to the county specific online Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer.

Human Capital and Institutions is concerned with human capital in its many dimensions and brings to the fore the role of political, social, and economic institutions in human capital formation and economic growth. Written by leading economic historians, including pioneers in historical research on human capital, the chapters in this text offer a broad-based view of human capital in economic development. The issues they address range from nutrition in pre-modern societies to twentieth-century advances in medical care; from the social institutions that provided temporary relief to workers in the middle and lower ranges of the wage scale to the factors that affected the performance of those who reached the pinnacle in business and art; and from political systems that stifled the advance of literacy to those that promoted public and higher education. Just as human capital has been a key to economic growth, so has the emergence of appropriate institutions been a key to the growth of human capital.