First published in 1932, this book looks at a period that has often been thought of as a time of general decline in the most characteristic features of medieval civilisation. While acknowledging decline in many areas during this period — the power of the Church, feudalism, guilds, the Hanseatic League, the autonomy of towns and the end of the two Roman empires — the author argues that there was also signs of development. National consciousness, the power of the bourgeoisie and trade and industry all rose markedly in this period alongside intellectual and artistic achievements outside of Italy. This book asserts that in amongst the failure and decline new forces were creating new substitutes.

This concise narrative offers a comprehensive introduction to the important developments—economic, social, religious, intellectual, and artistic—that took place in both western and eastern Europe during a crucial century. Besides describing the revival in the arts and the achievements of the new monarchs and the Italian despots, the book treats the remarkable economic recovery from the great depression of the late Middle Ages and the incorporation of eastern Europe into the western orbit.

Covers all significant eras of global history. Encourages students to analyze evidence, documents, and other data to make informed decisions. Develops essential writing skills.