In 1513 two Camaldolese hermits, Paolo Giustiniani and Pietro Querini, presented the newly elected Pope Leo X a Libellus, or small book, offering a variety of suggestions for what they believed were needed reforms in the Roman Catholic Church. Chief among their recommendations was a crusade against the Ottoman Turks and, ultimately, all of Islam. In A Crusade Against the Turks as a Means of Reforming the Church: Two Camaldolese Hermits’ Advice for Pope Leo X, James G. Kroemer introduces the pope who received the Libellus, and the hermits who wrote and sent it. Kroemer explains why the hermits believed Islam was a danger to Christendom, and what their strategy was to cleanse the world of this perceived threat. The Augustinian Friar Martin Luther is presented as one who also advocated church reform, but questioned using a crusade against Islam as a means of attaining needed changes. This book delves into the desire held by some devout people of faith who wish to achieve what they may consider religious purity at any cost, even by force if necessary.

Called to be Holy in the World presents an overview of the history of Christianity from Pentecost to the present. Written from a Lutheran perspective, this book introduces the reader to key Christian figures and movements as it encompasses a broad view of God's work in the world. The story after all is God's story. As His story it is centered in Christ's cross, but extends around the globe as Christians lived and continue to live out their particular vocations as holy people in the world. As a resource for students of all ages, this book surveys how Christianity confronted the world and how Christians tried to balance the challenges of living wholly and holy in the world. Historical information on various controversies provides background information for the volume on Christian doctrine in this series, Called by the Gospel. Organized in a unique style, each of the twenty-one chapters deals with one century of Christian history. Discussion questions and reading guides along with informative side bars provide additional educational resource and reference material for further study.

Exam board: AQA; Pearson Edexcel; OCR Level: AS/A-level Subject: History First teaching: September 2015 First exams: Summer 2016 (AS); Summer 2017 (A-level) Put your trust in the textbook series that has given thousands of A-level History students deeper knowledge and better grades for over 30 years. Updated to meet the demands of today's A-level specifications, this new generation of Access to History titles includes accurate exam guidance based on examiners' reports, free online activity worksheets and contextual information that underpins students' understanding of the period. - Develop strong historical knowledge: in-depth analysis of each topic is both authoritative and accessible - Build historical skills and understanding: downloadable activity worksheets can be used independently by students or edited by teachers for classwork and homework - Learn, remember and connect important events and people: an introduction to the period, summary diagrams, timelines and links to additional online resources support lessons, revision and coursework - Achieve exam success: practical advice matched to the requirements of your A-level specification incorporates the lessons learnt from previous exams - Engage with sources, interpretations and the latest historical research: students will evaluate a rich collection of visual and written materials, plus key debates that examine the views of different historians

How did Europe's oldest political institution come to grips with the disruptive new technology of print? Printing thrived after it came to Rome in the 1460s. Renaissance scholars, poets, and pilgrims in the Eternal City formed a ready market for mass-produced books. But Rome was also a capital city—seat of the Renaissance papacy, home to its bureaucracy, and a hub of international diplomacy—and print played a role in these circles, too. In Papal Bull, Margaret Meserve uncovers a critical new dimension of the history of early Italian printing by revealing how the Renaissance popes wielded print as a political tool. Over half a century of war and controversy—from approximately 1470 to 1520—the papacy and its agents deployed printed texts to potent effect, excommunicating enemies, pursuing diplomatic alliances, condemning heretics, publishing indulgences, promoting new traditions, and luring pilgrims and their money to the papal city. Early modern historians have long stressed the innovative press campaigns of the Protestant Reformers, but Meserve shows that the popes were even earlier adopters of the new technology, deploying mass communication many decades before Luther. The papacy astutely exploited the new medium to broadcast ancient claims to authority and underscore the centrality of Rome to Catholic Christendom. Drawing on a vast archive, Papal Bull reveals how the Renaissance popes used print to project an authoritarian vision of their institution and their capital city, even as critics launched blistering attacks in print that foreshadowed the media wars of the coming Reformation. Papal publishing campaigns tested longstanding principles of canon law promulgation, developed new visual and graphic vocabularies, and prompted some of Europe's first printed pamphlet wars. An exciting interdisciplinary study based on new literary, historical, and bibliographical evidence, this book will appeal to students and scholars of the Italian Renaissance, the Reformation, and the history of the book.

Annotation This is the third of four volumes which trace the history of the later Crusades and papal relations with the Levant from the accession of Innocent III (in 1198) to the reign of Pius V and the battle of Lepanto (1566-1571). From the mid-fourteenth century to the conclusion of his work, the author has drawn heavily upon unpublished materials, collected in the course of more than twenty "palaeographical journeys" to the Archivio Segreto Vaticano and the Archivi di Stato in Venice, Mantua, Modena, Milan, Siena, Florence, and the Archives of the Order of the Hospitallers at Malta. Volumes 1, II, and IV are available at www.amphilsoc.org.

This ebook is a selective guide designed to help scholars and students of Islamic studies find reliable sources of information by directing them to the best available scholarly materials in whatever form or format they appear from books, chapters, and journal articles to online archives, electronic data sets, and blogs. Written by a leading international authority on the subject, the ebook provides bibliographic information supported by direct recommendations about which sources to consult and editorial commentary to make it clear how the cited sources are interrelated related. This ebook is a static version of an article from Oxford Bibliographies Online: Renaissance and Reformation, a dynamic, continuously updated, online resource designed to provide authoritative guidance through scholarship and other materials relevant to the study of European history and culture between the 14th and 17th centuries. Oxford Bibliographies Online covers most subject disciplines within the social science and humanities, for more information visit www.oxfordbibliographies.com.

This volume focuses on Vencenzo Querini (1478-1514) who gave up successful diplomatic career in Venice to explore scriptural, humanist, conciliar, monastic and mystical paths of church reform at a critical point in the religious history of the sixteenth century.