This book is based on the laboratory and field research on Langgak Field, operated by SPR Langgak as one of Province-Owned Oil Company. This book is written to be a guideline and to add knowledge related to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) activity, particularly CO2 Injection. The authors are aware that the information about EOR activity in Indonesia is still limited, so with the presence of this book, we hope it can be made as a reference, not only for students but also for engineers and other researchers who would like to carry out or perform EOR project using CO2 Injection. The authors realize that there are some flaws in the completion of this book. Nonetheless, the authors believe this book will serve as a foundation for other CO2 EOR projects in Indonesia and improve the readers' understanding of CO2 Injection activity. Special thanks are given to the Director of PT. SPR Langgak, Mr Ikin Faizal, who gave us excellent support in the making of this book.

This book provides a comprehensive and detailed description of the various mechanisms of the CCS–EOR process. Whereas previous texts have primarily focused on carbon capture and storage (CCS) and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) separately, this book provides a general overview of both technologies when used together. Coupled CCS–EOR technology has become increasingly important, as it overcomes the respective shortcomings of the two technologies. The book presents an integrated numerical model including the hysteresis effect, solubility trapping, miscibility, and formation damage by asphaltene deposition. The experimental and model-based evaluation of fluid properties is also discussed. The book concludes by discussing the latest research into CO2 storage coupled with EOR, most notably performance control by including additives in CO2 injection, and CO2 injection into shale reservoirs. Ideally suited for graduate students and researchers in the fields of carbon capture, utilisation, and storage, the book shares essential insights into maximising the efficiency of CCS and EOR alike.

This book addresses the feasibility of CO2-EOR and sequestration in a mature Indian oil field, pursuing for the first time a cross-disciplinary approach that combines the results from reservoir modeling and flow simulation, rock physics modeling, geomechanics, and time-lapse (4D) seismic monitoring study. The key findings presented indicate that the field under study holds great potential for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and subsequent CO2 storage. Experts around the globe argue that storing CO2 by means of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) could support climate change mitigation by reducing the amount of CO2 emissions in the atmosphere by ca. 20%. CO2-EOR and sequestration is a cutting-edge and emerging field of research in India, and there is an urgent need to assess Indian hydrocarbon reservoirs for the feasibility of CO2-EOR and storage. Combining the fundamentals of the technique with concrete examples, the book is essential reading for all researchers, students and oil & gas professionals who want to fully understand CO2-EOR and its geologic sequestration process in mature oil fields.

Based on the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) survey in Oil and Gas Journal (2010), approximately 280,000bbl of oil per day or 6% of US crude oil production was produced by carbon dioxide (CO2) EOR. Just like any other gas injection processes, field CO2 flooding projects suffer from poor sweep efficiency due to early gas breakthrough, unfavorable mobility ratio, reservoir heterogeneity, viscous fingering and channeling, and gravity segregation. Many of these problems are believed to be alleviated or overcome by foaming the injected CO2. Since the 1970s, CO2-foam flooding has been used as a commercially viable method for EOR processes. Foams, defined as a mixture of internal gas phase in a continuous external liquid phase containing surfactant molecules, can improve sweep efficiency significantly by reducing gas mobility, especially in the reservoirs with a high level of geological heterogeneity. This chapter consists of three main parts: the first part (Section 2.1) deals with fundamentals on foams in porous media and recent advances in this field of research, including three foam states (weak-foam, strong-foam, and intermediate states) and two steady-state flow regimes of strong foams; the second part (Section 2.2) overviews field examples of foam-assisted CO2-EOR processes; and the third part (Section 2.3) covers typical field injection and production responses if CO2-foam pilot or field-scale treatments are successful.

Global warming is considered as one of very important problems in the last few years. This phenomenon is caused primarily by increase in greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). Natural events and human activities are believed to be the principal sources of this problem. A promising long-term solution for mitigating global heating is to inject CO2 into oil field geological formations for combination between CO2 sequestration and enhanced oil recovery. This chapter aims to give an extensive literature survey and examines research papers that focus on EOR-CO2 processes and projects that have been tested in the field.