It is observed that Researchers face a lot of difficulties in planning, design, collection, analysis and interpretation of Likert Scale data. Therefore, as an aid for the researchers it is attempted to write a book entitled 'A Comprehensive Guide for Design, Collection, Analysis and Presentation of Likert and other Rating Scale Data' on this subject with the following chapters 1. Basics of Likert Scale 2. General Issues of Likert Scaling 3. Templates for Creating Likert Scales 4. Basic Concepts of Measurement 5. Analysis of Likert Data 6. Appropriate Chart or Graph for Likert scale 7. Likert Scale Data Analysis with Statistical Software.This book discusses various efforts to identify, collect, analyse, improve, and present Likert data collected by rating scales such as Likert Scale. Most importunately the book illustrates, review, and critique several forms of collection, analysis, graphical presentation and interpretation of results from studies using rating scales. The most salient and striking features covered in this book are as followsDifferences between Likert-type or Likert scale dataLikert-type data is an ordinal data, therefore, non-parametric tests such as Mann Whitney-U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal-Wallis test should be used in lieu of parametric tests.Likert scale data, on the other hand, are analysed as interval data. and analysis that can be performed includes mean for central tendency, standard deviations for variability, Pearson's r for bivariate analysis, t-test and ANOVA for comparing group means, and regression procedures for associations.For Likert-type data mode or median is used for measuring central tendency and frequencies for variability. Analysis appropriate for ordinal scale items that includes the chi-square measure of association, Kendall Tau B, and Kendall Tau C.The dispute over the use of parametric versus non-parametric methods for the analysis of Likert scale ordinal data has raged for the past eight decades is discussed fully and suggested the right one.Focuses on validity, reliability and analysis of the Likert ScalePictorial display of several ways in which statistical data may be presented pictorially such as different types of graphs and diagrams is covered.Demonstration for Calculating Descriptive Statistics, Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit, Mann-Whitney U Test, Sign Test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and Cronbach's alpha with examples using SPSS.

This book is a collection of thoroughly well-researched studies presented at the Eighth Future Technologies Conference. This annual conference aims to seek submissions from the wide arena of studies like Computing, Communication, Machine Vision, Artificial Intelligence, Ambient Intelligence, Security, and e-Learning. With an impressive 490 paper submissions, FTC emerged as a hybrid event of unparalleled success, where visionary minds explored groundbreaking solutions to the most pressing challenges across diverse fields. These groundbreaking findings open a window for vital conversation on information technologies in our community especially to foster future collaboration with one another. We hope that the readers find this book interesting and inspiring and render their enthusiastic support toward it.

This book is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to the process of conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. It is a one-stop, comprehensive, and compact source for foundational concepts in behavioral research, and can serve as a stand-alone text or as a supplement to research readings in any doctoral seminar or research methods class. This book is currently used as a research text at universities on six continents and will shortly be available in nine different languages.

Intended for the social scientist who must develop a rating on attitudes, values and opinions, this text provides information on the construction of more effective scales. It includes information on how to validate a scale and how to develop a summated rating scale based on classical test theory.

Healthcare providers, consumers, researchers and policy makers are inundated with unmanageable amounts of information, including evidence from healthcare research. It has become impossible for all to have the time and resources to find, appraise and interpret this evidence and incorporate it into healthcare decisions. Cochrane Reviews respond to this challenge by identifying, appraising and synthesizing research-based evidence and presenting it in a standardized format, published in The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions contains methodological guidance for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane intervention reviews. Written in a clear and accessible format, it is the essential manual for all those preparing, maintaining and reading Cochrane reviews. Many of the principles and methods described here are appropriate for systematic reviews applied to other types of research and to systematic reviews of interventions undertaken by others. It is hoped therefore that this book will be invaluable to all those who want to understand the role of systematic reviews, critically appraise published reviews or perform reviews themselves.

The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers is unique in providing, in one volume, an in-depth guide to each of the multiple approaches available for coding qualitative data. In total, 29 different approaches to coding are covered, ranging in complexity from beginner to advanced level and covering the full range of types of qualitative data from interview transcripts to field notes. For each approach profiled, Johnny Saldaña discusses the method’s origins in the professional literature, a description of the method, recommendations for practical applications, and a clearly illustrated example.

Essentials of Research Methodology and Biostatistics—A Comprehensive Guide for Health Care Professionals is a precisely written textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate medical, dental, nursing, physiotherapy, clinical psychology and other allied health care profession students. The book is an excellent attempt towards introducing the students and faculty members to the various research methodologies adopted in the field of health sciences to record health-related data. Salient Features Easy to follow: An applied, user-friendly textbook with self-explanatory simple language and presentation for the students. An example-oriented book: Plenty of examples to equip the students to prepare for exams as well as independently conduct their research activities. Illustrative presentation: Diagrammatic and tabular presentation of content to facilitate quick review and recall of important concepts. Systematic and logical organization: Content organized in systematic and logical manner to facilitate better understanding. Qualitative and quantitative research methods, analysis: Adequate coverage of quantitative as well as qualitative research process, methodology and analysis. Authentic content: Content reviewed, authenticated by a panel of renowned faculty members/experts. Unique content: Several unique topics such as sample size calculation, uses of different parametric and nonparametric statistical tests, methods, qualitative research process, and analysis included, with practical examples from Indian scenario, which are rarely found in other research methodology books. Enormous knowledge in a nutshell: In-depth coverage of all aspects of research methodology and biostatistics in a concise manner. Review questions: About 150 end-of-chapter MCQs, a useful resource for the readers to review their preparation for the university exams and also to prepare for qualifying entrance exams for postgraduate and doctoral courses.