Improved tax systems can help countries in Asia and the Pacific generate the resources needed to implement the Sustainable Development Goals. This report provides information on current tax administration practices in the region to help governments identify opportunities to strengthen their tax systems. It analyzes the administrative frameworks, practices, and performance of revenue bodies in 34 economies. The analysis was largely based on survey data gathered by the Asian Development Bank in collaboration with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the International Monetary Fund.

This report is the 5th edition of ADB’s A Comparative Analysis of Tax Administration in Asia and the Pacific. It provides internationally comparative data on aspects of tax systems and their administration in 38 economies and detailed analysis of the comparative results across the region, aiming to assist the revenue bodies to improve their performance by providing opportunities to benchmark their administration against similar economies in the region. The comparable data and analysis are based largely on the 2020 round of the International Survey on Revenue Administration, for the 2018 and 2019 fiscal years.

A robust and sustainable tax system requires good tax administration. This report compares the administrative frameworks, functions, and performances of tax administration bodies in 22 jurisdictions in Asia and the Pacific. The descriptive analysis is based on surveys of tax administration conducted in 2012 and 2013. The surveys attempt to provide internationally comparable data on aspects of the sample jurisdictions' tax systems and their administration. Tentative conclusions emerge from the descriptive and comparative analysis.

For ADB members in Asia and the Pacific, stronger tax systems are now more important than ever—to boost revenues enabling recovery from the economic shocks of COVID-19, and to reinforce implementation of Sustainable Development Goals. Using comparative data up to the fiscal year 2020, and drawing from the International Survey on Revenue Administration (ISORA 2021), this sixth edition in our series analyzes the administrative setups and performance of revenue bodies in 40 economies across the region—to help governments and officials identify promising options for building more efficient, inclusive tax systems.

Assessing how Asia and the Pacific can benefit from stronger tax systems, this comparative analysis drills down into the set-ups and performance of revenue bodies in 41 economies to highlight reform challenges and outline opportunities. Drawing on the results of the International Survey on Revenue Administration (ISORA 2022) survey, it provides background on each economy, details the performance of their revenue bodies, and looks at growing digitalization. The seventh edition in the series, it outlines major trends and sets out ways governments and officials can reform their revenue bodies to build more effective and efficient tax systems.

Tax administration improvements have contributed significantly to a doubling of China’s tax-to-GDP ratio and the substantial reduction in taxpayers’ compliance costs since the mid-1990s. This paper describes the key features of China’s tax administration and their evolution over the last 20 years. It also identifes emerging challenges to the tax system and areas where further tax administration improvements are needed to sustain tax revenue and reduce taxpayers’ compliance costs in the future.