This book describes vector network analyzer measurements and uncertainty assessments, particularly in waveguide test-set environments, in order to establish their compatibility to the International System of Units (SI) for accurate and reliable characterization of communication networks. It proposes a fully analytical approach to measurement uncertainty evaluation, while also highlighting the interaction and the linear propagation of different uncertainty sources to compute the final uncertainties associated with the measurements. The book subsequently discusses the dimensional characterization of waveguide standards and the quality of the vector network analyzer (VNA) calibration techniques. The book concludes with an in-depth description of the novel verification artefacts used to assess the performance of the VNAs. It offers a comprehensive reference guide for beginners to experts, in both academia and industry, whose work involves the field of network analysis, instrumentation and measurements.

This book offers the readers an opportunity to acquire the concepts of artificial intelligence (AI) enabled sub-THz systems for novel applications in the biomedical field. The readers will also be inspired to contextualize these applications for solving real life problems such as non-invasive glucose monitoring systems, cancer detection and dental imaging. The introductory section of this book focuses on existing technologies for radio frequency and infrared sensing in biomedical applications, and their limited use in sensing applications, as well as the advantages of using THz technology in this context. This is followed by a detailed comparative analysis of THz electronics technology and other conventional electro optic THz setups highlighting the superior efficiency, affordability and portability of electronics-based THz systems. The book also discusses electronic sub-THz measurement systems for different biomedical applications. The chapters elucidate two major applications where sub-THz provides an edge over existing state of the art techniques used for non-invasive measurement of blood glucose levels and intraoperative assessment of tumor margins. There is a detailed articulation of an application of leveraging machine learning for measurement systems for non-invasive glucose concentration measurement. This helps the reader relate to the output in a more user-friendly format and understand the possible use cases in a more lucid manner. The book is intended to help the reader learn how to build tissue phantoms and characterize them at sub-THz frequencies in order to test the measurement systems. Towards the end of the book, a brief introduction to system automation for biomedical imaging is provided as well for quick analysis of the data. The book will empower the reader to understand and appreciate the immense possibilities of using electronic THz systems in the biomedical field, creating gateways for fueling further research in this area.​

This is the definitive guide to X-parameters, written by the original inventors and developers of this powerful new paradigm for nonlinear RF and microwave components and systems. Learn how to use X-parameters to overcome intricate problems in nonlinear RF and microwave engineering. The general theory behind X-parameters is carefully and intuitively introduced, and then simplified down to specific, practical cases, providing you with useful approximations that will greatly reduce the complexity of measuring, modeling and designing for nonlinear regimes of operation. Containing real-world case studies, definitions of standard symbols and notation, detailed derivations within the appendices, and exercises with solutions, this is the definitive stand-alone reference for researchers, engineers, scientists and students looking to remain on the cutting-edge of RF and microwave engineering.

This book is a summary of a series of achievements made by the authors and colleagues in the areas of radio frequency power amplifier modeling (including neural Volterra series modeling, neural network modeling, X-parameter modeling), nonlinear analysis methods, and power amplifier predistortion technology over the past 10 years. The book is organized into ten chapters, which respectively describe an overview of research of power amplifier behavioral models and predistortion technology, nonlinear characteristics of power amplifiers, power amplifier behavioral models and the basis of nonlinear analysis, an overview of power amplifier predistortion, Volterra series modeling of power amplifiers, power amplifier modeling based on neural networks, power amplifier modeling with X-parameters, the modeling of other power amplifiers, nonlinear circuit analysis methods, and predistortion algorithms and applications. Blending theory with analysis, this book will provide researchers and RF/microwave engineering students with a valuable resource.

To design and develop fast and effective microwave wireless systems today involves addressing the three different 'levels': Device, circuit, and system. This book presents the links and interactions between the three different levels rather than providing just a comprehensive coverage of one specific level. With the aim of overcoming the sectional knowledge of microwave engineers, this will be the first book focused on explaining how the three different levels interact by taking the reader on a journey through the different levels going from the theoretical background to the practical applications. - Explains the links and interactions between the three different design levels of wireless communication transmitters: device, circuit, and system - Presents state-of-the-art, challenges, and future trends in the field of wireless communication systems - Covers all aspects of both mature and cutting-edge technologies for semiconductor devices for wireless communication applications - Many circuit designs outlining the limitations derived from the available transistor technologies and system requirements - Explains how new microwave measurement techniques can represent an essential tool for microwave modellers and designers