Three-dimensional (3D) information in a physical security system is a highly useful dis- criminator. The two-dimensional data from an imaging systems fails to provide target dis- tance and three-dimensional motion vector, which can be used to reduce nuisance alarm rates and increase system effectiveness. However, 3D imaging devices designed primarily for use in physical security systems are uncommon. This report discusses an architecture favorable to physical security systems; an inexpensive snapshot 3D imaging system utilizing a simple illumination system. The method of acquiring 3D data, tests to understand illumination de- sign, and software modifications possible to maximize information gathering capability are discussed.

This book presents the thoroughly revised versions of lectures given by leading researchers during the Workshop on Advanced 3D Imaging for Safety and Security in conjunction with the International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CVPR 2005, held in San Diego, CA, USA in June 2005. It covers the current state of the art in 3D imaging for safety and security.

Provides a broad overview of advanced multidimensional imaging systems with contributions from leading researchers in the field Multi-dimensional Imaging takes the reader from the introductory concepts through to the latest applications of these techniques. Split into 3 parts covering 3D image capture, processing, visualization and display, using 1) a Multi-View Approach and 2.) a Holographic Approach, followed by a 3rd part addressing other 3D systems approaches, applications and signal processing for advanced 3D imaging. This book describes recent developments, as well as the prospects and challenges in advances in imaging sciences and engineering such as 3D image sensing, 3D holographic imaging, imaging applications for bio-photonics and 3D image recognition. Advanced imaging systems incorporate knowledge from various fields. It is a complex technology that combines physics, optics, signal processing, and image capture techniques. Provides a broad overview of advanced multidimensional imaging systems with contributions from leading researchers in the field. Integrates the background, introductory material with new advances in 3D imaging and applications. Covers the most recent technologies such as high speed digital holography, compressive sensing, real-time 3D integral imaging, 3D TV, photon counting imaging. To be available as an enhanced ebook with added functionality of colour films showing the effects of advanced 3D applications such as 3D microscopy, 3D biomedical imaging and 3D for security and defense applications. Acts as a single source reference to the rapidly developing field of 3D imaging technology. Provides supplementary material on a companion website including video clips, examples, numerical simulations, and experimental results to show the theoretical concepts. With contributions from leading researchers from across these fields, Multi-dimensional Imaging is a comprehensive reference for the imaging technology research community.

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction plays an important role in imaging research filed. Structured light technology has been widely used in 3D imaging, recognition and measurement, indicating great industrial and commercial value. In this thesis, a simple and robust technique of Moiré topography with single-image capture and incorporating digital filtering along with a four-step digitally implemented phase-shifting method is introduced for 3D surface mapping. Feature details in the order of tens to hundreds of microns can be achieved using interferometrically generated structured light to illuminate the object surface. The feasibility of this technique is verified experimentally, and applications to metallic surfaces are demonstrated. Next, a simple non-interferometric incoherent light propagation model is introduced to perform 3D profiling of transparent objects with typical thicknesses in the order of mm to cm by analyzing the distorted captured image behind the object. A two-dimensional (2D) cosine fringe is used as the incident reference image, whose periodicity is markedly altered by the shape of the object. By monitoring the local change in the period, the surface profile is simulated and optimized to achieve minimal error with experimental data to determine the final morphology. Besides, core principles of ghost imaging and optical scan holography are also discussed.

3D imaging sensors have been investigated for several decades. Recently, - provements on classical approaches such as stereo vision and structured light on the one hand, and novel time-of-?ight (ToF) techniques on the other hand have emerged, leading to 3D vision systems with radically improvedcharacter- tics. Presently, these techniques make full-range 3D data available at interactive frame rates, and thus open the path toward a much broader application of 3D vision systems. The workshop on Dynamic 3D Vision (Dyn3D) was held in conjunction with the annual conference of the German Association of Pattern Recognition (DAGM) in Jena on September 9, 2009. Previous workshops in this series have focused on the same topic, i.e., the Dynamic 3D Vision workshopin conjunction with the DAGM conference in 2007 and the CVPR workshop Time of Flight Camera-Based Computer Vision (TOF-CV) in 2008. The goal of this year’s workshop, as for the prior events, was to constitute a platform for researchers working in the ?eld of real-time range imaging, where all aspects, from sensor evaluation to application scenarios, are addressed. After a very competitive and high-quality reviewing process, 13 papers were accepted for publication in this LNCS issue. The research area on dynamic 3D vision proved to be extremely lively. Again, as for prior workshops on this ?eld, numerous new insights and novel approaches on time-of-?ight sensors, on re- time mono- and multidimensional data processing and on various applications are presented in these workshop proceedings.

Although one finds much discussion and research on the features and functionality of Rich Internet Applications (RIAs), the 3D Web, Immersive Environments (e.g. MMORPGs) and Virtual Worlds in both scholarly and popular publications, very little is written about the issues and techniques one must consider when creating, deploying, interacting within, and managing them securely. Security in Virtual Worlds, 3D Webs, and Immersive Environments: Models for Development, Interaction, and Management brings together the issues that managers, practitioners, and researchers must consider when planning, implementing, working within, and managing these promising virtual technologies for secure processes and initiatives. This publication discusses the uses and potential of these virtual technologies and examines secure policy formation and practices that can be applied specifically to each.