Public interest technologies (PIT) serve to address social needs and challenges in society People working in this space ask communities what their needs are first, without presuming they know what is best for them and generally use a participatory approach to innovation with values in mind and cultural awareness PIT pertain to technologies that may aid not for profits and non government organizations and private industry to achieve their goals These technologies might leverage open source software for collaboration, and open data initiatives to overcome societal challenges, may exercise crowdsourcing and crowd sensing techniques toward collective awareness, and provide open workforce exchanges where Information and Communication Technologies and engineering volunteerism is encouraged towards satisfying the needs of under resourced organizations and citizenry

This innovative and comprehensive collection of essays explores the biggest threats facing humanity in the 21st century; threats that cannot be contained or controlled and that have the potential to bring about human extinction and civilization collapse. Bringing together experts from many disciplines, it provides an accessible survey of what we know about these threats, how we can understand them better, and most importantly what can be done to manage them effectively. These essays pair insights from decades of research and activism around global risk with the latest academic findings from the emerging field of Existential Risk Studies. Voicing the work of world leading experts and tackling a variety of vital issues, they weigh up the demands of natural systems with political pressures and technological advances to build an empowering vision of how we can safeguard humanity’s long-term future. The book covers both a comprehensive survey of how to study and manage global risks with in-depth discussion of core risk drivers: including environmental breakdown, novel technologies, global scale natural disasters, and nuclear threats. The Era of Global Risk offers a thorough analysis of the most serious dangers to humanity. Inspiring, accessible, and essential reading for both students of global risk and those committed to its mitigation, this book poses one critical question: how can we make sense of this era of global risk and move beyond it to an era of global safety?

This book offers a unique interdisciplinary perspective on the ethics of 'artificial intelligence' – autonomous, intelligent, (and connected) systems, or AISs, applying principles of social cognition to understand the social and ethical issues associated with the creation, adoption, and implementation of AISs. As humans become entangled in sociotechnical systems defined by human and artificial agents, there is a pressing need to understand how trust is created, used, and abused. Compounding the difficulty in answering these questions, stakeholders directly or indirectly affected by these systems differ in their motivations, understanding, and values. This volume provides a comprehensive resource to help stakeholders understand ethical issues of designing and implementing AISs using an ethical sensemaking approach. Starting with the general technical affordances of AIS, Dr. Jordan Richard Schoenherr considers the features of system design relating data integrity, selection and interpretation of algorithms, and the evolution processes that drive AISs innovation as a sociotechnological system. The poles of technophobia (algorithmic aversion) and technophilia (algorithmic preference) in the public perception of AISs are then described and considered against existing evidence, including issues ranging from the displacement and re-education needs of the human workforce, the impact of use of technology on interpersonal accord, and surveillance and cybersecurity. Ethical frameworks that provide tools for evaluating the values and outcomes of AISs are then reviewed, and how they can be aligned with ethical sensemaking processes identified by psychological science is explored. Finally, these disparate threads are brought together in a design framework. Also including sections on policies and guideline, gaming and social media, and Eastern philosophical frameworks, this is fascinating reading for students and academics in psychology, computer science, philosophy, and related areas, as well as professionals such as policy makers and those working with AI systems.

Advanced computational intelligence techniques have been designed and developed in recent years to cope with various big data challenges and provide fast and efficient analytics that assist in making critical decisions. With the rapid evolution and development of internet-based services and applications, this technology is receiving attention from researchers, industries, and academic communities and requires additional study. Convergence of Big Data Technologies and Computational Intelligent Techniques considers recent advancements in big data and computational intelligence across fields and disciplines and discusses the various opportunities and challenges of adoption. Covering topics such as deep learning, data mining, smart environments, and high-performance computing, this reference work is crucial for computer scientists, engineers, industry professionals, researchers, scholars, practitioners, academicians, instructors, and students.

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2022): Integrating People and Intelligent Systems, February 22–24, 2022, Venice, Italy

Fundamentals and Frontiers of Medical Education and Decision-Making brings together international experts to consider the theoretical, practical, and sociocultural foundations of health professions education. In this volume, the authors review the foundational theories that have informed the early transition to competency-based education. Moving beyond these monolithic models, the authors draw from learning and psychological sciences to provide a means to operationalize competencies. The chapters cover fundamental topics including the transition from novices to experts, the development of psychomotor skills in surgery, the role of emotion and metacognition in decision-making, and how practitioners and laypeople represent and communicate health information. Each section provides chapters that integrate and advance our understanding of health professions education and decision- making. Grounded in psychological science, this book highlights the fundamental issues faced by healthcare professionals, and the frontiers of learning and decision-making. It is important reading for a wide audience of healthcare professionals, healthcare administrators, as well as researchers in judgment and decision-making.