The Journal of Law & Cyber Warfare provides a public peer-reviewed professional forum for the open discussion and education of technology, business, legal, and military professionals concerning the legal issues businesses and governments arising out of cyber attacks or acts of cyber war. The Journal of Law and Cyber Warfare is published twice per year by top legal professionals and scholars from the law, technology, security, and business industries. The views expressed in the Journal of Law and Cyber Warfare are those of the authors and not necessarily of the Journal of Law and Cyber Warfare.

FOREWORD - Cyber Warfare and the Corporate Environment By Chris Colvin, Daniel Garrie, and Siddartha RaoARTICLES - Cyberwarfare: Attribution, Preemption, and National Self Defense By John Dever and James DeverCyber Redux: The Schmitt Analysis, Tallinn Manual and US Cyber Policy By James E. McGheeIs Cyber Espionage a Form of Market Manipulation? By Noah Bledstein

The Journal of Law & Cyber Warfare provides a public peer-reviewed professional forum for the open discussion and education of technology, business, legal, and military professionals concerning the legal issues businesses and governments arising out of cyber-attacks or acts of cyberwar. The Journal of Law & Cyber Warfare is published twice per year by top legal professionals and scholars from the law, technology, security, and business industries. The views expressed in the Journal of Law & Cyber Warfare are those of the authors and not necessarily of the Journal of Law & Cyber Warfare.JLCW Volume 7, Fall 2019, Issue 2, ARTICLES:Democrats and Republicans Seek Federal Jurisdiction Over Cybercrimes by Foreign Actors in DNC v. Russian Federation and Broidy Capital Mgmt. v. State of Qatar By Shelly A. Sanford & Meredith Drukker StratigopoulosFrom Munitions to Malware: A Comparative Analysis of Civilian Targetability in Cyber Conflict By Colton MathesonCybernetic Enhancement of Soldiers: Conserving hors de combat Protections for Combatants Under the Third Geneva Convention By Amanda McAllister New Payment Methods and Insufficiencies in their Regulatory Scheme By Angel L. Rodriguez SantiagoCyber Insurance: An Incentive Alignment Solution to Corporate Cyber-Insecurity By Lauren Miller

As one begins to explore the many complexities of quantum computing, nanotechnology, and AI, it becomes clear that there is an underlying reality within cyberspace that is comprised of other realities and that these realities all have their own biomes, ecosystems, and microbiomes built on information, energy, and human creative reality and potential. It is clear that there has not been much research on this , especially the piece dealing with the cyber microbiome, which looks at the part of the iceberg that is “under the surface” and makes up most of cyberspace, much like how our human microbiome is many orders of magnitude larger than our human cells. The microbiome is extremely important from the perspective of how to treat diseases in humans, especially bacterial infections. The same is true for how to treat “diseases” in the cyber meta-reality. Thus, knowing all we can about the cyber meta-reality, biome, and microbiome is absolutely necessary in ensuring this world’s growth, care, and flourishing.

This book provides a detailed examination of the threats and dangers facing the West at the far end of the cybersecurity spectrum. It concentrates on threats to critical infrastructure which includes major public utilities. It focusses on the threats posed by the two most potent adversaries/competitors to the West, Russia and China, whilst considering threats posed by Iran and North Korea. The arguments and themes are empirically driven but are also driven by the need to evolve the nascent debate on cyberwarfare and conceptions of ‘cyberwar’. This book seeks to progress both conceptions and define them more tightly. This accessibly written book speaks to those interested in cybersecurity, international relations and international security, law, criminology, psychology as well as to the technical cybersecurity community, those in industry, governments, policing, law making and law enforcement, and in militaries (particularly NATO members).