Presents a comprehensive account of current research on the chemistry and toxicology of cadmium in natural waters. Discusses the sources, distribution, and fate of cadmium in aquatic ecosystems, including coverage of the biocycling and exotoxicity of cadmium to materia and fresh water biota. A succinct review of the analytical chemistry of cadmium in natural waters is also included. The contributors emphasize general principles rather than comprehensive documentation, making this volume accessible to a wide audience. The technical information helps provide the scientific rationale needed in the continuing effort to establish water quality criteria and standards for cadmium.

Provides guidance to States authorized to establish water quality standards under the Clean Water Act to protect aquatic life from acute & chronic effects of cadmium. Cadmium is a relatively rare element that is a minor nutrient for plants at low concentrations, but is toxic to aquatic life at concentrations only slightly higher. It occurs mainly as a component of minerals in the earth's crust but can enter the environment from various anthropogenic sources, such as by-products from zinc refining, coal combustion, mine wastes, electroplating processes, iron & steel prod'n., pigments, fertilizers & pesticides. This report discusses acute & chronic cadmium toxicity to freshwater & saltwater animals; toxicity to aquatic plants; bio-accumulation; & nat. criteria. Charts & tables.

This memorandum transmits Office of Water policy and guidance on the interpretation and implementation of aquatic life criteria for the management of metals. This issue covers a number of areas including the expression of aquatic life criteria, total maximum daily loads, permits, effluent monitoring and compliance, and ambient monitoring.