Yakuba Gowon was born in 1934 and became Head of State in Nigeria in 1966. After successfully commanding the armed forces of the Federal Government during the Civil War 1967-70, he guided the reconstruction of the country for a further five years. He was deposed in a coup in 1975. First Published in 1987. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Troubled Journey: Nigeria Since the Civil War is the latest of a number of case-study probes into Nigeria's unique experience as a modern African state. It pulls together a talented group of Nigerian historians who have been close students of Nigeria's "troubled journey" since Independence Day on October 1, 1960, and more precisely since the conclusion of its devastating Civil War from 1967 to 1970. This book is a major contribution to the on-going debate about how the country can best be politically restructured and socio-economically reformed.

In 1966, a soft-spoken 32-year old man emerged from relative obscurity and humble background to become Nigeria's Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. His name was Lt Col (later General)Yakubu Gowon. He emerged as the compromise candidate following the political crisis that engulfed the country after the July 1966 military coup that had led to the assassination of the country's first military Head of State, General Aguiyi Ironsi. At the end of the Civil War in 1970, General Gowon's doctrine of 'No Victor No Vanquished' greatly endeared him to many, and he was variously dubbed 'Abraham Lincoln of Nigeria', 'a soft spoken but dynamic leader' 'a real gentleman' and 'an almost faultless administrator'. However, after he was overthrown in a military coup in July 1975, long knives were drawn out for him, with the hitherto friendly press and public crying 'crucify him', and now variously vilifying him as 'weak' and of managing a purposeless administration that had led to the 'drifting' of the nation. In this book Professor J. Isawa Elaigwu attempts a scholarly political biography of someone he believes has rendered great serA-vices to the Nigerian nation despite his weaknesses as a leader. He rejects the notion that Gowon's nine years in office were 'nine years of failure' as the General's ardent critics posit, arguing that if it is possible to identify a number of thresholds in his administration, it is also possible to identify the approxiA-mate point in time when the strains of his administration became visible to observers and the public in general. He poses and methodically seeks answers to a number of fundamental questions: Who was Yakubu Gowon? Why and how was the reservoir of goodwill and credibility which he had accumulated by the end of the Civil War expended? What image of Nigeria did he have when he came into power? And did he ever achieve his objectives? The book, first published in 1986, has been revised and expanded for this edition

Biafra's declaration of independence on May 30, 1967, precipitated a civil war with important implications for the territorial integrity of all newly independent African states. Allegations of genocide commanded the world's attention and brought forth unprecedented humanitarian intervention. This full account of the internationalization of that conflict draws on hitherto confidential records and more than two hundred interviews with foreign policymakers, including Yakubu Gowon and C. Odumegwu Ojukwu. Originally published in 1977. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Focused on Africa's inscrutable development paradox and its checkered history begun with the seventh century Muslim invasion, the author has listed in one or two of the above publications and has traced the story of the conquest of the North and parts of East Africa by the Islamic Jihadists. These publications also narrated the story of the 400-year period during which the young men and women of Africa were usually captured and sold to slave traders as marketable species mostly suitable for hard labor in the homes and on farms of the wealthy in North America and the Middle East. These publications further attempt to establish that as soon as the atrocities of chattel slavery had been outlawed, a number of European nations in 1884 sent their representatives to a conference in Berlin, Germany, to discuss what next to do with the African nations and citizens recently freed from the burden of enslavement. The unanimous decision at this conference was to divide up the African continent into zones of control renamed as colonies by European powers where European legal infrastructure would regulate everyday order of governance and social life. What happened next was the partition of Africa into new nations and the introduction of colonization which lasted until the late nineteen seventies. As independent nations today, it is incumbent upon African leaders as well as citizens to face their own countries' realities, to design and execute their development plans, and to care for their citizens' general wellbeing. This remains the only way out by which most of their citizens will no longer be counted among the disadvantaged.

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