X-Ray Diffraction Topography presents an elementary treatment of X-ray topography which is comprehensible to the non-specialist. It discusses the development of the principles and application of the subject matter. X-ray topography is the study of crystals which use x-ray diffraction. Some of the topics covered in the book are the basic dynamical x-ray diffraction theory, the Berg-Barrett method, Lang's method, double crystal methods, the contrast on x-ray topography, and the analysis of crystal defects and distortions. The crystals grown from solution are covered. The naturally occurring cr.

The rapid growth in the applications of electronic materials has created an increasing demand for reliable techniques for examining and characterizing these materials. This book explores the area of x-ray diffraction and the techniques available for deployment in research, development, and production. It maps the theoretical and practical background necessary to study single crystal materials using high resolution x-ray diffraction and topography. It combines mathematical formalism with graphical explanations and hands-on advice for interpreting data, thus providing the theoretical and practical background for applying these techniques in scientific and industrial materials characterization

This volume collects the proceedings of the 23rd International Course of Crystallography, entitled "X-ray and Neutron Dynamical Diffraction, Theory and Applications," which took place in the fascinating setting of Erice in Sicily, Italy. It was run as a NATO Advanced Studies Institute with A. Authier (France) and S. Lagomarsino (Italy) as codirectors, and L. Riva di Sanseverino and P. Spadon (Italy) as local organizers, R. Colella (USA) and B. K. Tanner (UK) being the two other members of the organizing committee. It was attended by about one hundred participants from twenty four different countries. Two basic theories may be used to describe the diffraction of radiation by crystalline matter. The first one, the so-called geometrical, or kinematical theory, is approximate and is applicable to small, highly imperfect crystals. It is used for the determination of crystal structures and describes the diffraction of powders and polycrystalline materials. The other one, the so-called dynamical theory, is applicable to perfect or nearly perfect crystals. For that reason, dynamical diffraction of X-rays and neutrons constitutes the theoretical basis of a great variety of applications such as: • the techniques used for the characterization of nearly perfect high technology materials, semiconductors, piezoelectric, electrooptic, ferroelectric, magnetic crystals, • the X-ray optical devices used in all modem applications of Synchrotron Radiation (EXAFS, High Resolution X-ray Diffractometry, magnetic and nuclear resonant scattering, topography, etc. ), and • X-ray and neutron interferometry.

X-Ray Diffraction Topography presents an elementary treatment of X-ray topography which is comprehensible to the non-specialist. It discusses the development of the principles and application of the subject matter. X-ray topography is the study of crystals which use x-ray diffraction. Some of the topics covered in the book are the basic dynamical x-ray diffraction theory, the Berg-Barrett method, Lang's method, double crystal methods, the contrast on x-ray topography, and the analysis of crystal defects and distortions. The crystals grown from solution are covered. The naturally occurring crystals are discussed. The text defines the meaning of melt, solid state and vapour growth. An analysis of the properties of inorganic crystals is presented. A chapter of the volume is devoted to the characteristics of metals. Another section of the book focuses on the production of ice crystals and the utilization of oxides as laser materials. The book will provide useful information to chemists, scientists, students and researchers.

Publisher Description

This book contains the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute entitled "Characterization of Crystal Growth Defects by X-ray Methods' held in the University of Durham, England from 29th August to 10th September 1979. The current interest in electronic materials, in particular silicon, gallium aluminium arsenide, and quartz, and the recent availability of synchrotron radiation for X-ray diffraction studies made this Advanced Study Institute particularly timely. Two main themes ran through the course: 1. A survey of the various types of defect occurring in crystal growth, the mechanism of their different methods of generation and their influence on the properties of relativelY perfect crystals. 2. A detailed and advanced course on the observation and characterization of such defects by X-ray methods. The main emphasis was on X-ray topographic techniques but a substantial amount of time was spent on goniometric techniques such as double crystal diffractometry and gamma ray diffraction. The presentation of material in this book reflects these twin themes. Section A is concerned with defects, Section C with techniques and in linking them. Section B provides a concise account of the basic theory necessary for the interpretation of X-ray topographs and diffractometric data. Although the sequence follows roughly the order of presentation at the Advanced Study Institute certain major changes have been made in order to improve the pedagogy. In particular, the first two chapters provide a vital, and seldom articulated, case for the need for characterization for crystals used in device technologies.

In this, the only book available to combine both theoretical and practical aspects of x-ray diffraction, the authors emphasize a "hands on" approach through experiments and examples based on actual laboratory data. Part I presents the basics of x-ray diffraction and explains its use in obtaining structural and chemical information. In Part II, eight experimental modules enable the students to gain an appreciation for what information can be obtained by x-ray diffraction and how to interpret it. Examples from all classes of materials -- metals, ceramics, semiconductors, and polymers -- are included. Diffraction patterns and Bragg angles are provided for students without diffractometers. 192 illustrations.