In this landmark book, the historian Linda K. Kerber opens up this important and neglected subject for the first time. She begins during the Revolution, when married women did not have the same obligation as their husbands to be "patriots," and ends in the present, when men and women still have different obligations to serve in the armed forces.

Considers whether and how constitutions have affirmed women's equal citizenship status, from the birth of constitutionalism to the present.

Women and the U.S. Constitution is about much more than the nineteenth amendment. This provocative volume incorporates law, history, political theory, and philosophy to analyze the U.S. Constitution as a whole in relation to the rights and fate of women. Divided into three parts—History, Interpretation, and Practice—this book views the Constitution as a living document, struggling to free itself from the weight of a two-hundred-year-old past and capable of evolving to include women and their concerns. Feminism lacks both a constitutional theory as well as a clearly defined theory of political legitimacy within the framework of democracy. The scholars included here take significant and crucial steps toward these theories. In addition to constitutional issues such as federalism, gender discrimination, basic rights, privacy, and abortion, Women and the U.S. Constitution explores other issues of central concern to contemporary women—areas that, strictly speaking, are not yet considered a part of constitutional law. Women's traditional labor and its unique character, and women and the welfare state, are two examples of topics treated here from the perspective of their potentially transformative role in the future development of constitutional law.

Women of the Constitution follows in the footsteps of the 1912 work devoted to biographical sketches of the spouses of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. This book will be the first work devoted exclusively to providing brief biographies of the forty-three wives o...

Ruth Bader Ginsburg believed that the equal rights of women belonged in the Constitution. She stood on the shoulders of brilliant women who persisted across generations to change the Constitution. We the Women tells their stories, showing what’s at stake in the current battle for the Equal Rights Amendment. The year 2020 marks the centennial the Nineteenth Amendment, guaranteeing women’s constitutional right to vote. But have we come far enough? After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, revolutionary women demanded full equality beyond suffrage, by proposing the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). Congress took almost fifty years to adopt it in 1972, and the states took almost as long to ratify it. In January 2020, Virginia became the final state needed to ratify the amendment. Why did the ERA take so long? Is it too late to add it to the Constitution? And what could it do for women? A leading legal scholar tells the story of the ERA through the voices of the bold women lawmakers who created it. They faced opposition and subterfuge at every turn, but they kept the ERA alive. And, despite significant victories by women lawyers like Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the achievements of gender equality have fallen short, especially for working mothers and women of color. Julie Suk excavates the ERA’s past to guide its future, explaining how the ERA can address hot-button issues such as pregnancy discrimination, sexual harassment, and unequal pay. The rise of movements like the Women’s March and #MeToo have ignited women across the country. Unstoppable women are winning elections, challenging male abuses of power, and changing the law to support working families. Can they add the ERA to the Constitution and improve American democracy? We the Women shows how the founding mothers of the ERA and the forgotten mothers of all our children have transformed our living Constitution for the better.

As a result, American women played a peripheral role in constitutional history until 1920. This pamphlet looks at this role as it developed throughout the nineteenth-century, culminating in 1920 with the passing of the women's sufferage amendment in 1920.

The legacy of women's roles in the development of our country and our Constitution has largely been ignored by historians and educators--until now. Informative and enlightening, Women, Politics and the Constitution is one of the few books that recognizes and provides an understanding of women's early political contributions. It is an absolutely essential volume for an educated public. Experts, both women and men, debate, discuss, and commemorate the significance of the United States Constitution on women's history, rights, and present status. Chapters are written by legal and academic leaders who are playing a critical role both in interpreting and in determining the constitutional status of women. Highlights include: an overview of the history of women and the United States constitution by Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, who explores the exclusion of women from most political and economic protections provided to men and addresses the impact on women of various interpretations made by the United States Supreme Court a review of one pioneering woman's contributions to the content of the Constitution a discussion of the implications of the Constitution for African-American women an examination of how New Jersey women secured the right to vote in the late eighteenth century and their subsequent disenfranchisement an investigation of the significance of the Nineteenth Amendment for contemporary gender gap politics a look at sex discrimination cases decided by the Burger Court--both before and after the appointment of Justice Sandra Day O'Connor--to determine her impact on the Court as a whole and upon individual justices criticism of the Supreme Court's approach to constitutional gender equality, with suggestions for a new type of review for gender-based classifications under the Equal Protection Clause an exploration of the theoretical foundations of American sex discrimination law an examination of the content and success rate of constitutional changes relating to women's issues that were proposed in the 50 states between 1977 and 1985 Women, Politics and the Constitution is an outgrowth of the conference Women and the Constitution: A Bicentennial Perspective which was held recently in Atlanta, Georgia, and was sponsored by the Carter Center of Emory University, the Jimmy Carter Library, and Georgia State University.