Praise for the previous edition: "...concise, well-written entries...Schultz's accessible work will be of use to both undergraduates and the general public; recommended for all academic and public libraries."—Library Journal "...achieves the goal of presenting a serious overview of the Supreme Court."—Booklist "At its reasonable price this title should be found in every American library, public as well as academic. It should also be purchased by every high school library, no matter how small the school body may be."—American Reference Books Annual From the structure of the Supreme Court to its proceedings, this comprehensive encyclopedia presents the cornerstone of the American justice system. Featuring more than 600 A-to-Z entries—written by leading academics and lawyers—Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court, Second Edition offers a thorough review of critical cases, issues, biographies, and topics important to understanding the Supreme Court. Entries include: Abortion Capital punishment Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission Double jeopardy employment discrimination Federalism Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission Obergefell v. Hodges police use of force public health and the U.S. Constitution Thurgood Marshall Title IX and schools United States v. Nixon Earl Warren Wiretapping

The issue of fair representation will take center stage as U.S. congressional districts are reapportioned based on the 2000 Census. Using U.S. history as a guide, the authors develop a theory of fair representation that establishes various principles for translating state populations—or vote totals of parties—into a fair allocation of congressional seats. They conclude that the current apportionment formula cheats the larger states in favor of the smaller, contrary to the intentions of the founding fathers and compromising the Supreme Court's "one man, one vote" rulings. Balinski and Young interweave the theoretical development with a rich historical account of controversies over representation, and show how many of these principles grew out of political contests in the course of United States history. The result is a work that is at once history, politics, and popular science. The book—updated with data from the 1980 and 1990 Census counts—vividly demonstrates that apportionment deals with the very substance of political power.

This volume, offers the thoughts of twenty scholars on the theory, history, and practice of representation. Two developments make a new appraisal of this subject timely. One is the decision of the United States Supreme Court requiring representation to be democratic in the sense of affording every voter an equal voice in government. The other, that some governments that are not democratic, in the sense of having freely competitive political parties, are now,nevertheless, "representative."

Few eras in U.S. history have begun with more optimistic promise and ended in more pessimistic despair than the 1960s. When JFK became president in 1960, the U.S. was the hope of the world. Ten years later American power abroad seemed wasted in the jungles of Indochina, and critics at home cast doubt on whether the U.S. was really the land of the free and the home of the brave. This book takes an encyclopedic look at the decade—at the individuals who shaped the era, the civil rights movement, the antiwar movement, the women's movement, and the youth rebellion. It covers the political, military, social, cultural, religious, economic, and diplomatic topics that made the 1960s a unique decade in U.S. history.