This book deals with one of the key problems in applied mathematics, namely the investigation into and providing for solution stability in solving equations with due allowance for inaccuracies in set initial data, parameters and coefficients of a mathematical model for an object under study, instrumental function, initial conditions, etc., and also with allowance for miscalculations, including roundoff errors. Until recently, all problems in mathematics, physics and engineering were divided into two classes: well-posed problems and ill-posed problems. The authors introduce a third class of problems: intermediate ones, which are problems that change their property of being well- or ill-posed on equivalent transformations of governing equations, and also problems that display the property of being either well- or ill-posed depending on the type of the functional space used. The book is divided into two parts: Part one deals with general properties of all three classes of mathematical, physical and engineering problems with approaches to solve them; Part two deals with several stable models for solving inverse ill-posed problems, illustrated with numerical examples.

This book consists of three major parts. The first two parts deal with general mathematical concepts and certain areas of operator theory. The third part is devoted to ill-posed problems. It can be read independently of the first two parts and presents a good example of applying the methods of calculus and functional analysis. The first part "Basic Concepts" briefly introduces the language of set theory and concepts of abstract, linear and multilinear algebra. Also introduced are the language of topology and fundamental concepts of calculus: the limit, the differential, and the integral. A special section is devoted to analysis on manifolds. The second part "Operators" describes the most important function spaces and operator classes for both linear and nonlinear operators. Different kinds of generalized functions and their transformations are considered. Elements of the theory of linear operators are presented. Spectral theory is given a special focus. The third part "Ill-Posed Problems" is devoted to problems of mathematical physics, integral and operator equations, evolution equations and problems of integral geometry. It also deals with problems of analytic continuation. Detailed coverage of the subjects and numerous examples and exercises make it possible to use the book as a textbook on some areas of calculus and functional analysis. It can also be used as a reference textbook because of the extensive scope and detailed references with comments.

Sound knowledge of the latest research results in the thermodynamics and design of thermoelectric devices, providing a solid foundation for thermoelectric element and module design in the technical development process and thus serving as an indispensable tool for any application development. The text is aimed mainly at the project developer in the field of thermoelectric technology, both in academia and industry, as well as at graduate and advanced undergraduate students. Some core sections address the specialist in the field of thermoelectric energy conversion, providing detailed discussion of key points with regard to optimization. The international team of authors with experience in thermoelectrics research represents such institutes as EnsiCaen Universite de Paris, JPL, CalTech, and the German Aerospace Center.

Driven by the advancement of industrial mathematics and the need for impact case studies, Inverse Problems with Applications in Science and Engineering thoroughly examines the state-of-the-art of some representative classes of inverse and ill-posed problems for partial differential equations (PDEs). The natural practical applications of this examination arise in heat transfer, electrostatics, porous media, acoustics, fluid and solid mechanics – all of which are addressed in this text. Features: Covers all types of PDEs — namely, elliptic (Laplace’s, Helmholtz, modified Helmholtz, biharmonic and Stokes), parabolic (heat, convection, reaction and diffusion) and hyperbolic (wave) Excellent reference for post-graduates and researchers in mathematics, engineering and any other scientific discipline that deals with inverse problems Contains both theory and numerical algorithms for solving all types of inverse and ill-posed problems

This book, dedicated to Professor Georgi M. Dimirovski on his anniversary, contains new research directions, challenges, and many relevant applications related to many aspects within the broadly perceived areas of systems and control, including signal analysis and intelligent systems. The project comprises two volumes with papers written by well known and very active researchers and practitioners. The first volume is focused on more foundational aspects related to general issues in systems science and mathematical systems, various problems in control and automation, and the use of computational and artificial intelligence in the context of systems modeling and control. The second volume is concerned with a presentation of relevant applications, notably in robotics, computer networks, telecommunication, fault detection/diagnosis, as well as in biology and medicine, and economic, financial, and social systems too.

Many problems in science, technology and engineering are posed in the form of operator equations of the first kind, with the operator and RHS approximately known. But such problems often turn out to be ill-posed, having no solution, or a non-unique solution, and/or an unstable solution. Non-existence and non-uniqueness can usually be overcome by settling for `generalised' solutions, leading to the need to develop regularising algorithms. The theory of ill-posed problems has advanced greatly since A. N. Tikhonov laid its foundations, the Russian original of this book (1990) rapidly becoming a classical monograph on the topic. The present edition has been completely updated to consider linear ill-posed problems with or without a priori constraints (non-negativity, monotonicity, convexity, etc.). Besides the theoretical material, the book also contains a FORTRAN program library. Audience: Postgraduate students of physics, mathematics, chemistry, economics, engineering. Engineers and scientists interested in data processing and the theory of ill-posed problems.