This book demonstrates the research on VLC based indoor localization in four aspects: first, it constructs the concept and model of the system; second, positioning algorithms, as the main issue in indoor localization, are detailed; third, many approaches are proposed to further improve the positioning performance; fourth, challenges will be detailed. Impulse response with multipath reflections are analyzed. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is proposed, and positioning performance is largely improved compared to On-off-keying (OOK) modulation. The readers will get a broad view of VLC based indoor localization from the background to the future challenges.

With the rapid development of Global Positioning Systems (GPS), the field location based services (LBS) is getting more and more attention. For indoor environments, LBS has a wide application for both civil and industrial areas. To make indoor LBS available, positioning technology has become a popular research topic in recent years. This dissertation investigates several indoor positioning topics based on visible light communication (VLC).First, it demonstrates the motivation to realize indoor LBS. Second, several positioning approaches are introduced to provide the location information. Positioning systems such as wireless local access network (WLAN), Zigbee, Bluetooth and radio frequency identification (RFID) are addressed. Third, fundamentals of VLC technology is detailed by explaining the light emitting diode (LED) as the transmitter, the photodiode (PD) as the receiver and the channel direct current (DC) gain considering the line-of-sight (LOS) condition. Visible light positioning systems are realized with lateration techniques based on received signal strength (RSS) information detected by PD. Two channel access methods are detailed and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. When height information of the receiver is unknown, three dimensional positioning is realized with an iterative algorithm based on the pre-estimation of the vertical coordinates. In order to further improve the positioning accuracy and alleviate the effect of large deviations, Kalman filter, particle filter as well as Gaussian mixture sigma point particle filter (GM-SPPF) are applied for both 2-D and 3-D scenarios. Considering the vertical accuracy cannot be improved largely from the filtering techniques, a nonlinear estimation algorithm is proposed based on a trust region algorithm.Multipath propagation is one of the most important factors that affects the performance of indoor positioning systems. In this dissertation, impulse response with multipath reflections are analyzed with the combined deterministic and modified Monte Carlo (CDMMC) algorithm. The received optical power from different LED bulbs and the positioning accuracy for the entire room is detailed. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is also proposed in the positioning system, considering OFDM performs well when multipath reflections exist. Positioning performance is largely improved with OFDM compared to On-off-keying (OOK) modulation. Finally, conclusions and future works are described in Chapter 9.

This book includes original, peer-reviewed research papers from the International Conference on Internet of Things, Communication and Intelligent Technology (IoTCIT) 2022. It contains the application of communication and IoT engineering in the age of intelligent technology+ from the standpoint of disciplinary integration, combining theory and associated IoT and intelligent technology algorithms. The topics cover the full range of IoT solutions, from IoT to network security, and focus on many forms of communication, such as Next Generation (6G) Mobile Communication, D2D, and M2M Communication. Additionally, it examines Intelligent Technology, with a focus on Information System Modeling and Simulation. It also explores Cloud Computing, Pervasive and Mobile Computing, Distributed Computing, High Performance Computing, and Ubiquitous Computing.

Ongoing advancements in modern technology have led to significant developments with smart technologies. With the numerous applications available, it becomes imperative to conduct research and make further progress in this field. Smart Technologies: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice provides comprehensive and interdisciplinary research on the most emerging areas of information science and technology. Including innovative studies on image and speech recognition, human-computer interface, and wireless technologies, this multi-volume book is an ideal source for researchers, academicians, practitioners, and students interested in advanced technological applications and developments.

This book presents select proceedings of the 3rd Innovative Product Design and Intelligent Manufacturing System (IPDIMS 2020), held at National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela, 30–31 December 2021. This volume covers the latest research topics in design and manufacturing fields of engineering. Some of the themes covered include Industry 4.0, smart manufacturing, advanced robotics and CAD/CAM/CIM. This book will be useful for students, researchers and professionals in the disciplines of mechatronics, mechanical, manufacturing, production and industrial engineering, especially those working on improvements in manufacturing technologies and development of resilient infrastructure in industry.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Ambient Intelligence (ISAmI 2015), held in Salamanca, Spain on June 3th-5th at the University of Salamanca. After a careful review, 27 papers from 10 different countries were selected to be presented in ISAmI 2015 at the conference and published in the proceedings. ISAmI has been running annually and aiming to bring together researchers from various disciplines that constitute the scientific field of Ambient Intelligence to present and discuss the latest results, new ideas, projects and lessons learned, namely in terms of software and applications and aims to bring together researchers from various disciplines that are interested in all aspects of this area. Ambient Intelligence is a recent paradigm emerging from Artificial Intelligence, where computers are used as proactive tools assisting people with their day-to-day activities, making everyone’s life more comfortable. Another main concern of AmI originates from the human computer interaction domain and focuses on offering ways to interact with systems in a more natural way by means user friendly interfaces. This field is evolving quickly as can be witnessed by the emerging natural language and gesture based types of interaction.