Even as they increase the beauty of our surroundings, trees provide us with a great many ecosystem services, incl. air quality improvement, energy conservation, stormwater interception, and carbon dioxide reduction. These benefits must be weighed against the costs of maintaining trees, including planting, pruning, irrigation, admin., pest control, liability, cleanup, and removal. This report presents benefits and costs for representative small, medium, and large trees in the Tropical region based on research carried out in Honolulu, Hawaii. Average annual net benefits increase with tree size and differ based on location:. Two hypothetical examples of planting projects are described to illustrate how the data in this guide can be adapted to local uses.

Fire events often have a large impact on recreation and tourism, yet these issues had not been addressed from a social science perspective. There are three distinct lines of research to address: examine values/attitudes and behaviors of recreation residence owners and year-round residents in the wildland-urban interface; examine recreationists¿ perceptions about fire suppression and postfire forest health issues; and examine perceptions and beliefs about recreation activities and impacts to fire-prone ecosystems in the wildland-urban interface. This report includes 17 of these studies grouped into four major topical headings: recreation use research, commun. research, program eval. and interface residents research, and trust research. Charts and tables.

Even as they increase the beauty of our surroundings, trees provide us with a great many ecosystem services, including air quality improvement, energy conservation, stormwater interception, and atmospheric carbon dioxide reduction. These benefits must be weighed against the costs of maintaining trees, including planting, pruning, irrigation, administration, pest control, liability, cleanup, and removal. We present benefits and costs for representative small, medium, and large deciduous trees in the Lower Midwest region derived from models based on in-depth research carried out in Indianapolis, Indiana. Average annual net benefits increase with tree size and differ based on location. Two hypothetical examples of planting projects are described to illustrate how the data in this guide can be adapted to local uses, and guidelines for maximizing benefits and reducing costs are given.