Unveiling developmental disparities in the Middle East is essential for understanding the complex socio-economic landscape of the region, often containing critical inequalities and varied economic growth. Despite being rich in resources and cultural heritage, many countries in the Middle East face significant challenges, including political instability, economic volatility, and social unrest, which hinder equitable development. Examining these factors contributing to inequality may help scholars and government officials better address the barriers to sustainable development. Understanding present disparities in the region is crucial for policymakers, international organizations, and communities aiming to promote inclusive growth and improved quality of life. Unveiling Developmental Disparities in the Middle East examines the role of international relations and domestic policies in shaping Middle Eastern economic outcomes, with a particular focus on how governance and institutional development have diverged across these regions. By examining the influence of oil wealth, geopolitical dynamics, and historical legacies, the book offers a comprehensive understanding of why these nations have evolved so differently despite geographical proximity and cultural ties. This book covers topics such as sustainability, gender studies, and political governance, and is a useful resource for government officials, policymakers, gender scientists, healthcare professionals, environmental scientists, academicians, and researchers.

In an era marked by escalating economic, social, and military confrontations, diplomacy plays a crucial role in managing conflicts and fostering cooperation among nations. Effective diplomatic efforts are essential for mitigating tensions, building alliances, and addressing global challenges in a manner that promotes stability and mutual understanding. To avoid the follies of the 20th century and instill progressive plans toward a positive future for all, an updated and comprehensive view of diplomacy is essential. Innovations and Tactics for 21st Century Diplomacy offers a thorough overview of current diplomatic strategies, and invaluable insights for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners in international relations. By integrating the latest research with innovative approaches and historical contexts, these chapters encourage critical thinking and promote further exploration into effective diplomatic methods that promote global progress. Covering topics such as citizen diplomacy, foreign policy, and international tensions, this book is a valuable resource for diplomats, international relations professionals, graduate and postgraduate students, educators, policy makers, government officials, and more.

Why were urban women veiled in the early 1900s, unveiled from 1936 to 1979, and reveiled after the 1979 revolution? This question forms the basis of Hamideh Sedghi's original and unprecedented contribution to politics and Middle Eastern studies. Using primary and secondary sources, Sedghi offers new knowledge on women's agency in relation to state power. In this rigorous analysis she places contention over women at the centre of the political struggle between secular and religious forces and demonstrates that control over women's identities, sexuality, and labor has been central to the consolidation of state power. Sedghi links politics and culture with economics to present an integrated analysis of the private and public lives of different classes of women and their modes of resistance to state power.

Inside Inequality in the Arab Republic of Egypt: Facts and Perceptions Across People, Time, and Space comprises four papers prepared in the framework of the Egypt inequality study financed by the World Bank. The first paper, by Sherine Al-Shawarby, reviews the studies on inequality in Egypt since the 1950s with the double objective of illustrating the importance attributed to inequality through time and of presenting and compare the main published statistics on inequality. The second paper, by Branko Milanovic, turns to the global and spatial dimensions of inequality. The Egyptian society remains deeply divided across space and in terms of welfare, and this study unveils some of the hidden features of this inequality. The third paper, by Paolo Verme, studies facts and perceptions of inequality during the 2000-2009 period, which preceded the Egyptian revolution. The fourth paper, by Sahar El Tawila, May Gadallah, and Enas Ali A.El-Majeed, assesses the state of poverty and inequality among the poorest villages of Egypt. The paper attempts to explain the level of inequality in an effort to disentangle those factors that derive from household abilities from those factors that derive from local opportunities. Inside Inequality in the Arab Republic of Egypt provides some initial elements that could explain the apparent mismatch between inequality measured with household surveys and inequality aversion measured by values surveys. This is a particularly important and timely topic to address in light of the unfolding developments in the Arab region. The book should be of interest to any observer of the political and economic evolution of the Arab region in the past few years and to poverty and inequality specialists interested in a deeper understanding of the distribution of incomes in Egypt and other countries in the Middle East and North Africa region. World Bank Studies are available individually or on standing order. The World Bank Studies series is also available online through the Open Knowledge Repository (https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/) and the World Bank e-Library (www.worldbank.org/elibrary). Book jacket.

In recent decades, the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) has experienced more frequent and severe conflicts than in any other region of the world, exacting a devastating human toll. The region now faces unprecedented challenges, including the emergence of violent non-state actors, significant destruction, and a refugee crisis bigger than any since World War II. This paper raises awareness of the economic costs of conflicts on the countries directly involved and on their neighbors. It argues that appropriate macroeconomic policies can help mitigate the impact of conflicts in the short term, and that fostering higher and more inclusive growth can help address some of the root causes of conflicts over the long term. The paper also highlights the crucial role of external partners, including the IMF, in helping MENA countries tackle these challenges.

In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.